| 總結: | The demand for natural-based remedies is rising due to their safety and
efficiency compared to synthetic-based medicine. In view of this, the unique
bioactive properties of Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil (MS) have attracted
high interest for its potential application in the pharmacological industry. This
study aimed to determine in vitro the wound healing capacities of methanol crude
extract (MCE) and fractions of MS leaves in promoting proliferation, monolayer
migration, and angiogenesis activities. The ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE)
method using response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimised the
production of MCE. The optimised extraction conditions were then used to obtain
the MCE and the corresponding fractions (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl
acetate, and butanol) using the liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). The developed
quadratic polynomial model correlated with the experimental data is based on
the coefficient of determination (R2) of the extraction yield (0.9972, p < 0.0001)
and the total phenolic content (TPC) (0.9553, p < 0.0001). At 25 ˚C, 15 min
sonication time, and 10 mL/g of solvent to solid ratio, the optimal conditions
recorded an extraction yield and TPC of 21.99 % and 144.70 (mgGAE)/g,
respectively. The wound healing screening of the MCE and fractions revealed
that the semi polar solvent of the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) exhibited highest
TPC (277.55 ± 4.89 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content (TFC) (90.72 ± 8.96
mg RE/g), a strong antioxidant of DPPH IC50 (25.24 ± 30.56 μg/mL), strong
antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (17.89 ± 0.68 mm), and
moderate anti-inflammatory inhibition (42.36 ± 1.53 %). The EAF showed the
highest migration rate and branching length at a lower concentration (3.13
μg/mL) of 70.85 % and 9014.33 pixels, respectively. EAF was selected to
encapsulated into the newly developed cubosomes formulations using a single
stabiliser of F127 (F) and a combined stabiliser of F127 and Tween 80 (Mix FT).
The optimal composition of formulation F consisted of 0.5 % F127 as it
exhibited the lowest particle size (PS) of 177.93 ± 0.65 nm. Meanwhile the
formulation Mix F-T consists of 0.25 % F127 and 0.25 % Tween 80 as it
demonstrated lowest PS (141.53 ± 0.21 nm). The measured PDI was 0.17 ±
0.01(F) and 0.23 ± 0.01 (Mix F-T), zeta potential was - 26.40 ± 0.10 (F) and –
28.07 ± 2.40 mV (Mix F-T), and the pH was 4.17 (F) ± 0.02 and 4.18 ± 0.03 (Mix
F-T). Furthermore, % entrapment efficiency was 95.63 ± 1.54 % (F) and 90.09 ±
1.89 % (Mix F-T). Both formulations showed no toxic effect on the 3T3 fibroblast
cells, with cell viability values of higher than 80 % (up to 500 μg/mL). The
mortality rate of zebrafish embryos was unaffected when exposed to all
formulations of less than 500 μg/mL. Normal morphological features were
observed when zebrafish embryos were exposed to unencapsulated EAF at
concentrations less than 200 μg/mL, except that they exhibited hatching
inhibition compared to the control group. This study suggests the potential of MS
as wound healing and thus supporting its traditional claim.
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