Reaksi sarjana Turki terhadap sains, teknologi dan modeniti pada abad ke-19 hingga awal abad ke-20 / Fadhilah Mustapha
The Ottoman Empire, the greatest and longest ruling Muslim empire in history, began to face enormous threats from the West even before the 17th century. In the beginning of the 17th century, the Ottomans were behind the West in the advancement of science and technology. Beginning from its defeat in...
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| フォーマット: | 学位論文 |
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2021
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