Development of sixth-form HistoGuide application and its impact towards drawing skill, labelling skill and motivation

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
المؤلف الرئيسي: Teoh, Chern Zhong
التنسيق: أطروحة
اللغة:الإنجليزية
منشور في: 2024
الموضوعات:
الوصول للمادة أونلاين:https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=12064
Abstract Abstract here
_version_ 1855626288327294976
author Teoh, Chern Zhong
author_facet Teoh, Chern Zhong
author_sort Teoh, Chern Zhong
description
format Thesis
id upsi-12064
institution Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
language English
publishDate 2024
record_format sWADAH
record_pdf Restricted
spelling upsi-120642025-03-27 Development of sixth-form HistoGuide application and its impact towards drawing skill, labelling skill and motivation 2024 Teoh, Chern Zhong QH Natural history <p>This research aims to develop a sixth-form HistoGuide application and study its impact</p><p>on students drawing skills, labelling skills and motivation. The HistoGuide is</p><p>developed based on the ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate)</p><p>Model, and to identify its impact, quasi-experimental research was employed. Two sets</p><p>of instruments were utilised to measure the usability and motivation. A total of 194</p><p>sixth-form students were selected as respondents through the simple random sampling</p><p>technique. The Content Validity Index (CVI) from 15 experts showed that the Itemlevel</p><p>CVI (I-CVI) is high and the overall validity is excellent, with Scale-level</p><p>CVI/Universal Agreement (S-CVI/UA) at 0.80 and Scale-level CVI/Average (SCVI/</p><p>Ave) at 0.96, respectively. Findings showed a high overall usability level (Mean</p><p>(M) = 4.41; Standard Deviation (SD) = 0.39) with usefulness (M = 4.40; SD = 0.38),</p><p>ease of use (M = 4.36; SD = 0.41), ease of learning (M = 4.45; SD = 0.45), and</p><p>satisfaction (M = 4.47; SD = 0.45). Drawing and labelling skills showed no significant</p><p>differences (p0.05) in the pre-test scores between the treatment and control groups.</p><p>However, there were significant differences (p<0.05) between pre and post-test scores</p><p>for both treatment and control groups. Thus, the treatment group outperformed the</p><p>control group in the drawing and labelling skills. As for the motivation, there were no</p><p>significant differences (p0.05) in the pre-test scores between the treatment and control</p><p>groups. However, there were significant differences (p<0.05) between pre and post-test</p><p>scores for the treatment. There were also significant differences (p<0.05) in the posttest</p><p>scores between the treatment and control groups. Hence, the treatment group</p><p>performed better than the control group in motivation. In conclusion, students from the</p><p>treatment group outperformed in drawing and labelling skills, and also in motivation as</p><p>compared to students from the control group after using the HistoGuide application.</p><p>The implication shows that the development of the virtual-based application, the</p><p>HistoGuide, is able to support the overall Biology learning, especially in microscopy.</p> 2024 thesis https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=12064 https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=12064 text eng N/A openAccess Masters Perpustakaan Tuanku Bainun Fakulti Sains dan Matematik <p>`Adlina Abdul Khalil, Mohamad Khairi Othman, & Mohd. Kasri Saidon. (2020). Memacu pendidikan di era Revolusi Industri 4.0: Penerapan nilai-nilai islam dan inovasi dalam pengajaran di institusi pengajian tinggi. Islamiyyat, 42, 1320. https://doi.org/10.17576/islamiyyat-2020-42IK-02</p><p>Ahmad Abdullahi Ibrahim. (2015). Comparative analysis between System Approach, Kemp, and ASSURE instructional design models. International Journal of Education and Research, 3(12), 261270.</p><p>Alegre-Martnez, A., Martnez-Martnez, M. I., Alfonso Snchez, J. L., Morales Surez-Varela, M. M., & Llopis Gonzlez, A. (2016). Results of the implementation of a virtual microscope in a course of histology. 2nd International Conference on Higher Education Advances, HEAd16, 169176. https://doi.org/10.4995/head16.2016.2626</p><p>Alijah Ujang. (2016). Pembangunan modul pembelajaran Webquest pendidikan kesihatan untuk guru pelatih murid bermasalah pembelajaran. University of Malaya.</p><p>Allen, M., Bridle, G., & Briten, E. (2015). Life under the microscope: childrens ideas about microbes. Primary Science, 3538. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1157663</p><p>Amer, M. G., & Nemenqani, D. M. (2020). Successful use of virtual microscopy in the assessment of practical histology during pandemic COVID-19: A descriptive study. Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure, 8(4), 156161. https://doi.org/10.4103/JMAU.JMAU_67_20</p><p>Anyanwu, G. E., Agu, A. U., & Anyaehie, U. B. (2012). Enhancing learning objectives by use of simple virtual microscopic slides in cellular physiology and histology: Impact and attitudes. American Journal of Physiology - Advances in Physiology Education, 36(2), 158163. https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00008.2012</p><p>Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., Irvine, C. K. S., & Walker, D. A. (2008). Introduction to Research in Education. Cengage Learning.</p><p>Atkinson, R. C., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1968). Human memory: A proposed system and its control processes. The Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 2(5), 89195.</p><p>Bacha, D., Ferjaoui, W., Charfi, L., Rejaibi, S., Slama, S. Ben, Njim, L., & Lahmar, A. (2020). The interest of virtual microscopy as a means of simulation learning in pathological anatomy and cytology. Onkologia i Radioterapia, 14(5), 2329.</p><p>Baddeley, A. (2014). Essentials of human memory. Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203587027</p><p>Bahagian Perancangan dan Penyelidikan Dasar Pendidikan. (2017). Dasar pendidikan kebangsaan. In Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia (4th ed.).</p><p>Bahar, M., Johnstone, A. H., & Hansell, M. H. (1999). Revisiting learning difficulties in biology. Journal of Biological Education, 33(2), 8486. https://doi.org/10.1080/00219266.1999.9655648</p><p>Bajt, S. K. (2011). Web 2.0 technologies: Applications for community colleges. New Directions for Community Colleges, 154, 5362. https://doi.org/10.1002/cc</p><p>Bandura, A. (1984). Representing personal determinants in causal structures. In</p><p>Psychological Review (Vol. 91, Issue 4, pp. 508511). https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-295x.91.4.508</p><p>Bandura, A. (1986). From thought to action: Mechanisms of personal agency. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 15(1), 117.</p><p>Bandura, A. (1989). Six theories of child development. Annals of Child Development, 6, 160.</p><p>Banjoka, S. O. (1994). Poor performance in school certificate biology: Causes and solutions. OSCE Journal of the Pure Sciences, 2(1), 2433.</p><p>Becta. (2006). The Becta Review 2006: Evidence n the Progress of ICT in Education. In ICT Research (Issue January 2006).</p><p>Benita, M., Roth, G., & Deci, E. L. (2014). When are mastery goals more adaptive? It depends on experiences of autonomy support and autonomy. Journal of Educational Psychology, 106(1), 258267. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034007</p><p>Black, J. A., & Champion, D. J. (1976). Methods and issues in social research. Wiley.</p><p>Blake, C. A., Lavoie, H. A., & Millette, C. F. (2003). Teaching medical histology at the University of South Carolina School of Medicine: Transition to virtual slides and virtual microscopes. Anatomical Record - Part B New Anatomist, 275(1), 196206. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.b.10037</p><p>Bloom, B. S., Engelhart, M. D., Furst, E. J., Hill, W. H., & Krathwohl, D. R. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals. Handbook I: Cognitive domain. David McKay Company.</p><p>Brabec, J. L., Vos, M. R., Staab, T. A., & Chan, J. P. (2018). Analysis of student attitudes of a neurobiology themed inquiry based research experience in first year biology labs. The Journal of Undergraduate Neuroscience Education, 17(1), A1A9.</p><p>Bradbury, N. A. (2016). Attention span during lectures: 8 seconds, 10 minutes, or more? Advances in Physiology Education, 40(4), 509513. https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00109.2016</p><p>Bramwell-Lalor, S., & Rainford, M. (2014). The effects of using concept mapping for improving advanced level biology students lower- and higher-order cognitive skills. International Journal of Science Education, 36(5), 839864. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2013.829255</p><p>Branch, R. M. (2009). Instructional design: The ADDIE approach. In Department of Educational Psychology and Instructional Technology University of Georgia (Vol. 53, Issue 9).</p><p>Branch, R. M., & Gustafson, K. L. (1998). Re-visioning models of instructional development. Educational Technology Research and Development, 45(3), 7389. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02299731</p><p>Branch, R. M., & Merrill, M. D. (2002). Characteristics of instructional design models. In R. A. Reiser & J. V. Dempsey (Eds.), Trends and issues in instructional design and technology (3rd ed., pp. 816). Pearson.</p><p>Braun, M. W., & Kearns, K. D. (2008). Improved learning efficiency and increased student collaboration through use of virtual microscopy in the teaching of human pathology. Anatomical Sciences Education, 1(6), 240246. https://doi.org/10.1002/ase.53</p><p>Britannica. (2021). Cognition. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/cognition-thought-process</p><p>Brown, M. H., & Schwartz, R. S. (2009). Connecting photosynthesis and cellular respiration: Preservice teachers conceptions. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 46(7), 791812. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20287</p><p>Budoya, C. M., Kissaka, M. M., & Mtebe, J. S. (2019). Instructional design enabled agile method using ADDIE model and feature driven development process. International Journal of Education and Development Using Information and Communication Technology, 15(1).</p><p>Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for research. Rand McNally & Company.</p><p>Carr, N. G. (2011). The shallows: What the internet is doing to our brains. Norton.</p><p>Chan, C. K. Y. (2012). Exploring an experiential learning project through Kolbs Learning Theory using a qualitative research method. European Journal of Engineering Education, 37(4), 405415. https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2012.706596</p><p>Cheng, X., Lee, K. K. ho, Chang, E. Y., & Yang, X. (2017). The flipped classroom approach: Stimulating positive learning attitudes and improving mastery of histology among medical students. Anatomical Sciences Education, 10(4), 317327. https://doi.org/10.1002/ase.1664</p><p>Cheung, K. K. C., & Winterbottom, M. (2021). Exploring students visualisation competence with photomicrographs of villi. International Journal of Science Education, 43(14), 22902315. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2021.1959958</p><p>Chua, Y. P. (2006a). Asas statistik penyelidikan - Buku 2. In Kaedah dan statistik penyelidikan (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education (Malaysia).</p><p>Chua, Y. P. (2006b). Kaedah penyelidikan - Buku 1. In Kaedah dan statistik penyelidikan (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education (Malaysia).</p><p>Chua, Y. P. (2013). Asas statistik penyelidikan: Analisis data skala likert - Buku 3. In Kaedah dan statistik penyelidikan (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill Education (Malaysia).</p><p>Chua, Y. P. (2014). Ujian univariant dan multivariant - Buku 4. In Kaedah dan statistik penyelidikan (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill Education (Malaysia).</p><p>Chua, Y. P. (2020a). Mastering research methods (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill Education (Malaysia).</p><p>Chua, Y. P. (2020b). Mastering research statistics (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill Education (Malaysia).</p><p>imer, A. (2007). Effective teaching in science: A review of literature. Journal of Turkish Science Education, 4(1), 2044.</p><p>imer, A. (2012). What makes biology learning difficult and effective: Students views. Educational Research and Reviews, 7(3), 6171. https://doi.org/10.5897/ERR11.205</p><p>Cimer, S. O., akir, I., & imer, A. (2010). Teachers views on the effectiveness of in-service courses on the new curriculum in Turkey. European Journal of Teacher Education, 33(1), 3141. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619760903506689</p><p>Clark, R. C., Nguyen, F., & Sweller, J. (2006). Efficiency in learning: Evidence-based guidelines to manage cognitive load. Pfeiffer. https://doi.org/10.1002/pfi.4930450920</p><p>Clement, J., Brown, D. E., & Zietsman, A. (1989). Not all preconceptions are misconceptions: Finding anchoring conceptions for grounding instruction on students intuitions. International Journal of Science Education, 11(5), 554565. https://doi.org/10.1080/0950069890110507</p><p>Cohen, J. (1960). A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20(1), 3746.</p><p>Cohen, J. (1977). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Academic Press.</p><p>Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2018). Research methods in education (8th ed.). Routledge.</p><p>Conti, R. (2001). Time flies: Investigating the connection between intrinsic motivation and the experience of time. Journal of Personality, 69(1), 126. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.00134</p><p>Cotter, J. R. (2001). Laboratory instruction in histology at the University at Buffalo: Recent replacement of microscope exercises with computer applications. Anatomical Record, 265(5), 212221. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.10010</p><p>Creswell, J. W. (2008). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (3rd ed.). Pearson Education.</p><p>Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2012). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.</p><p>Crichton, H., & McDaid, A. (2015). Learning intentions and success criteria: learners and teachers views. Curriculum Journal, 27(2), 190203. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585176.2015.1103278</p><p>Cromley, J. G., Perez, T., Kaplan, A., Dai, T., Mara, K., & Balsai, M. J. (2020). Combined cognitive-motivational modules delivered via an LMS increase undergraduate biology grades. Technology, Mind, and Behavior, 1(2), 119. https://doi.org/10.1037/tmb0000020.supp</p><p>Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). Flow and the foundations of positive psychology: The collected works of Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9088-8</p><p>Cyrs, T. E. (1997). Visual thinking: Let them see what you are saying. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 1997(71), 2732. https://doi.org/10.1002/tl.7104</p><p>de Jong, T. (2010). Cognitive load theory, educational research, and instructional design: Some food for thought. Instructional Science, 38(2), 105134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251-009-9110-0</p><p>Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Plenum.</p><p>Dickerson, J., & Kubasko, D. (2007). Digital microscopes: Enhancing collaboration and engagement in science classrooms with information technologies. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 7(4), 279292.</p><p>Dillon, J. (2008). A review of the research on practical work in school science. Political Science, March.</p><p>Donnelly, A. D., Mukherjee, M. S., Lyden, E. R., & Radio, S. J. (2012). Virtual microscopy in cytotechnology education: Application of knowledge from virtual to glass. CytoJournal, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.4103/1742-6413.95827</p><p>Duda, H. J., & Adpriyadi. (2020). Students misconception in concept of biology cell. Anatolian Journal of Education, 5(1), 4752. https://doi.org/10.29333/aje.2020.515a</p><p>Dyrberg, N. R., Treusch, A. H., & Wiegand, C. (2016). Virtual laboratories in science education: Students motivation and experiences in two tertiary biology courses. Journal of Biological Education, 51(4), 358374. https://doi.org/10.1080/00219266.2016.1257498</p><p>Eggen, P., & Kauchak, D. (2015). Educational psychology: Windows on classrooms (10th ed.). Pearson Education.</p><p>Elayyan, S. (2021). Education according to the fourth industrial revolution. Journal of Educational Technology and Online Learning, 4(1), 2021. https://doi.org/10.31681/jetol.737193</p><p>Etobro, A. B., & Fabinu, O. E. (2017). Students perceptions of difficult concepts in biology in senior secondary schools in Lagos state. Global Journal of Educational Research, 16(2), 139147. https://doi.org/10.4314/gjedr.v16i2.8</p><p>Faridah Salam. (2015). Kesan pembelajaran berasaskan projek dengan scaffolding terhadap pencapaian dan peningkatan pembelajaran ICT pelajar tingkatan 4. Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.</p><p>Fitrianingrum, N. (2013). Analisis miskonsepsi gerak melingkar pada buku sekolah elektronik (BSE) fisika SMA kelas X semester I. Universitas Sebelas Maretsurakarta.</p><p>Frankfort-Nachmias, C., & Nachmias, D. (1996). Research methods in the social sciences (5th ed.). St. Martins Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/1317432</p><p>Gabrielle, D. M. (2003). Effects of technology-mediated instructional strategies on motivation, performance, and self-directed learning. Florida State University.</p><p>Gado, I. (2005). Determinants of K-2 school teachers orientation towards inquiry-based science activities: A mixed method study. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 3(4), 511539. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-005-0689-6</p><p>Gagne, R. M. (1985). The conditions of learning (4th ed.). Holt, Rinehart & Winston.</p><p>Gagne, R. M., Briggs, L. J., & Wager, W. W. (1992). Principles of instructional design (4th ed.). Harcourt Brace College. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520341302-010</p><p>Gao, M., Kortum, P., & Oswald, F. (2018). Psychometric evaluation of the USE (usefulness, satisfaction, and ease of use) questionnaire for reliability and validity. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 3, 14141418. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621322</p><p>Garca, M., Victory, N., Navarro-Sempere, A., & Segovia, Y. (2019). Students views on difficulties in learning histology. Anatomical Sciences Education, 12(5), 541549. https://doi.org/10.1002/ase.1838</p><p>George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows: A simple guide and reference (7th ed.). Allyn & Bacon.</p><p>Ghazali Darusalam, & Sufean Hussin. (2016). Metodologi penyelidikan dalam pendidikan: Amalan dan analisis kajian (3rd ed.). Penerbit Universiti Malaya.</p><p>Giannakas, F., Kambourakis, G., Papasalouros, A., & Gritzalis, S. (2018). A critical review of 13 years of mobile game-based learning. Educational Technology Research and Development, 66(2), 341384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-017-9552-z</p><p>Gopalan, V., Abu Bakar, J. A., Zulkifli, A. N., Alwi, A., & Mat, R. C. (2017). A review of the motivation theories in learning. AIP Conference Proceedings 1891. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5005376</p><p>Gott, R., & Duggan, S. (2002). Problems with the assessment of performance in practical science: which way now? Cambridge Journal of Education, 32(2), 183201. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057640220147540</p><p>Grimshaw, M., Tan, S. L., & Lipscomb, S. D. (2013). Playing with sound: The role of music and sound effects in gaming. In S. L. Tan, A. J. Cohen, S. D. Lipscomb, & R. A. Kendall (Eds.), The psychology of music in multimedia (pp. 289314). Oxford University Press.</p><p>Gunter, G. A., Kenny, R. F., & Vick, E. H. (2006). A case for a formal design paradigm for serious games. The Journal of the International Digital Media and Arts Association, 3(2004), 119.</p><p>Hadzigeorgiou, Y. (2001). The role of wonder and romance in early childhood science education. International Journal of Early Years Education, 9(1), 6369. https://doi.org/10.1080/713670677</p><p>Haigh, M. (2007). Can investigative practical work in high school biology foster creativity? Research in Science Education, 37(2), 123140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-006-9018-5</p><p>Hamidah Yusof, Jamal Yunus, & Khalip Musa. (2015). Kaedah penyelidikan : Pengurusan pendidikan. Penerbit Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.</p><p>Hande, A. H., Lohe, V. K., Chaudhary, M. S., Gawande, M. N., Patil, S. K., & Zade, P. R. (2017). Impact of virtual microscopy with conventional microscopy on student learning in dental histology. Dental Research Journal, 14(2), 111116. https://doi.org/10.4103/1735-3327.205788</p><p>Hariyanto, D., Triyono, M. B., & Khler, T. (2020). Usability evaluation of personalized adaptive e-learning system using USE questionnaire. Knowledge Management and E-Learning, 12(1), 85105. https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2020.12.005</p><p>Harlen, W. (1999). Effective teaching of science: A review of research. In The Scottish Council for Research in Education. The Scottish Council for Research in Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674580000200402</p><p>Harris, T., Leaven, T., Heidger, P., Kreiter, C., Duncan, J., & Dick, F. (2001). Comparison of a virtual microscope laboratory to a regular microscope laboratory for teaching histology. Anatomical Record, 265(1), 1014. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.1036</p><p>Hasiloglu, M. A., & Eminoglu, S. (2017). Identifying cell-related misconceptions among fifth graders and removing misconceptions using a microscope. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 5(12B), 4250. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2017.051405</p><p>Hazlina Awang Lah. (2014). Pakej simbolik pendidikan fizik (i-phys) berasaskan konsep pedagogi sistem algebra komputer. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.</p><p>Heale, R., & Twycross, A. (2015). Validity and reliability in quantitative studies. Evidence-Based Nursing, 18(3), 6667. https://doi.org/10.1136/eb-2015-102129</p><p>Heidger, P. M., Dee, F., Consoer, D., Leaven, T., Duncan, J., & Kreiter, C. (2002). Integrated approach to teaching and testing in histology with real and virtual imaging. Anatomical Record, 269(2), 107112. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.10078</p><p>Helle, L., Nivala, M., Kronqvist, P., Gegenfurtner, A., Bjrk, P., & Slj, R. (2011a). Traditional microscopy instruction versus process-oriented virtual microscopy instruction: A naturalistic experiment with control group. Diagnostic Pathology, 6(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-1596-6-S1-S8</p><p>Helle, L., Nivala, M., Kronqvist, P., Gegenfurtner, A., Bjrk, P., & Slj, R. (2011b). Traditional microscopy instruction versus process-oriented virtual microscopy instruction: A naturalistic experiment with control group. Diagnostic Pathology, 6(8), 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-1596-6-S1-S8</p><p>Hidayah Mohd Fadzil, & Rohaida Mohd Saat. (2013). Phenomenographic study of students manipulative skills during transition from primary to secondary school. Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences and Engineering), 63(2), 7175. https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v63.2013</p><p>Hidayah Mohd Fadzil, & Rohaida Mohd Saat. (2017). Exploring students acquisition of manipulative skills during science practical work. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(8), 45914607. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.00953a</p><p>Higazi, T. B. (2011). Use of interactive live digital imaging to enhance histology learning in introductory level anatomy and physiology classes. Anatomical Sciences Education, 4(2), 7883. https://doi.org/10.1002/ase.211</p><p>Hoese, W., & Casem, M. (2007). Drawing out misconceptions: Assessing student mental models in biology (pp. 16). California State University.</p><p>Hossfeld, U., Mller, H.-L., & Wachtel, S. (2017). Microscopy for biology education: Practical experiments for education in biology (Issue November). Carl Zeiss Microscopy Gmbh.</p><p>Jackson, S. L. (2006). Research methods and statistics: A critical thinking approach (3rd (ed.)). Cengage Learning.</p><p>Jamalludin Harun, & Zaidatun Tasir. (2003). Multimedia dalam pendidikan. PTS Publications.</p><p>Jansen, S., Knippels, M. C. P. J., & van Joolingen, W. R. (2019). Assessing students understanding of models of biological processes: a revised framework. International Journal of Science Education, 41(8), 981994. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2019.1582821</p><p>Johnson, S., Purkiss, J., Holaday, L., Selvig, D., & Hortsch, M. (2015). Learning histology - dental and medical students study strategies. European Journal of Dental Education, 19(2), 6573. https://doi.org/10.1111/eje.12104</p><p>Jonas-Dwyer, D., Sudweeks, F., Nicholls, P. K., & Mcgill, T. (2007). Enhancing the learning experience? A comparison of optical and virtual microscope laboratories in histology and pathology. 8th International Conference on Computer Based Learning in Science, 1, 511522.</p><p>Karacop, A., & Doymus, K. (2013). Effects of jigsaw cooperative learning and animation techniques on students understanding of chemical bonding and their conceptions of the particulate nature of matter. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 22(2), 186203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-012-9385-9</p><p>Karnela, D. L., Anhar, A., & Lufri. (2018). Validity of biology module oriented meaningful learning for student class XI. International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies (IJPSAT), 7(1), 3139.</p><p>Karpudewan, M., Ahmad Nurulazam Md. Zain, & Chandrasegaran, A. L. (2017). Overcoming students misconceptions in science: Strategies and perspectives from Malaysia. In Overcoming Students Misconceptions in Science: Strategies and Perspectives from Malaysia. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3437-4</p><p>Keller, J. M. (1983). Motivational design of instruction. In C. M. Reigeluth (Ed.), Instructional-design theories and models: An Overview of their current status (pp. 386434). L. Erlbaum Associates.</p><p>Keller, J. M. (1987a). Development and use of the ARCS model of instructional design. Journal of Instructional Development, 10(3), 210. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02905780</p><p>Keller, J. M. (1987b). Strategies for stimulating the motivation to learn. Performance & Instruction, 26(8), 17.</p><p>Keller, J. M. (2008). An integrative theory of motivation, volition, and performance. Technology, Instruction, Cognition and Learning, 6(2), 79104.</p><p>Keller, J. M. (2010). Motivational design for learning and performance: The ARCS model approach. Springer.</p><p>Keller, J. M. (2016). Motivation, learning, and technology: applying the ARCS-V motivation model. Participatory Educational Research, 3(2), 115. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.16.06.3.2</p><p>Keller, J. M., Ucar, H., & Kumtepe, A. T. (2020). Development and validation of a scale to measure volition for learning. Open Praxis, 12(2), 161174. https://doi.org/10.5944/openpraxis.12.2.1082</p><p>Kempa, R. F. (1986). Assessment in science. Cambridge University Press.</p><p>Khan, F. M. A., & Masood, M. (2014). Potential of interactive multimedia learning courseware using three different strategies in the learning of biology for matriculation students in Malaysia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 25212525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.604</p><p>Kibuka-Sebitosi, E. (2007). Understanding genetics and inheritance in rural schools. Journal of Biological Education, 41(2), 5661. https://doi.org/10.1080/00219266.2007.9656063</p><p>Kidman, G. (2019). Explainer: What is inquiry-based learning and how does it help prepare children for the real world? The Conversation: Academic Rigour, Jounalistic Flair. https://theconversation.com/explainer-what-is-inquiry-based-learning-and-how-does-it-help-prepare-children-for-the-real-world-115299</p><p>Kim, M. H., Park, Y., Seo, D., Lim, Y. J., Kim, D.-I., Kim, C. W., & Kim, W. H. (2008). Virtual microscopy as a practical alternative to conventional microscopy in pathology education. Basic and Applied Pathology, 1(1), 4648. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-9294.2008.00006.x</p><p>Koehler, A. M., Larkin, M. T., & Shew, H. D. (2020). Under the scope: Microscopy techniques to visualize plant anatomy & measure structures. American Biology Teacher, 82(4), 257260. https://doi.org/10.1525/abt.2020.82.4.257</p><p>Kse, S. (2008). Diagnosing student misconceptions: Using drawings as a research method. World Applied Sciences Journal, 3(2), 283293. http://idosi.org/wasj/wasj3(2)/20.pdf</p><p>Kowal, J., & Fortier, M. S. (1999). Motivational determinants of flow: Contributions from self-determination theory. Journal of Social Psychology, 139(3), 355368. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224549909598391</p><p>Krathwohl, D. R. (2002). A revision of Blooms taxonomy: An overview. Theory into Practice, 41(4), 212218.</p><p>Krathwohl, D. R., Bloom, B. S., & Masia, B. B. (1964). Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals. Handbook II: Affective domain. David McKay Company.</p><p>Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607610. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308</p><p>Krippendorf, B. B., & Lough, J. (2005). Complete and rapid switch from light microscopy to virtual microscopy for teaching medical histology. Anatomical Record - Part B New Anatomist, 285(1), 1925. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.b.20066</p><p>Kuhl, J. (1987). Action control: The maintenance of motivational states. In F. Halisch & J. Kuhl (Eds.), Motivation, intention, and volition (pp. 279291). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70967-8_19</p><p>Kumar, R. K., Velan, G. M., Korell, S. O., Kandara, M., Dee, F. R., & Wakefield, D. (2004). Virtual microscopy for learning and assessment in pathology. Journal of Pathology, 204(5), 613618. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.1658</p><p>Lavasani, M. G., Mirhosseini, F. S., Hejazi, E., & Davoodi, M. (2011). The effect of self-regulation learning strategies training on the academic motivation and self-efficacy. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 627632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.11.285</p><p>Law, N., & Lee, Y. (2004). Using an iconic modelling tool to support the learning of genetics concepts. Journal of Biological Education, 38(3), 118124. https://doi.org/10.1080/00219266.2004.9655918</p><p>Lay, Y. F., & Khoo, C. H. (2015). Pengenalan kepada pendekatan kuantitatif dalam penyelidikan pendidikan. Universiti Malaysia Sabah.</p><p>Lazarowitz, R., & Penso, S. (1992). High school students difficulties in learning biology concepts. Journal of Biological Education, 26(3), 215223. https://doi.org/10.1080/00219266.1992.9655276</p><p>Lee, B. C., Hsieh, S. T., Chang, Y. L., Tseng, F. Y., Lin, Y. J., Chen, Y. L., Wang, S. H., Chang, Y. F., Ho, Y. L., Ni, Y. H., & Chang, S. C. (2020). A web-based virtual microscopy platform for improving academic performance in histology and pathology laboratory courses: A pilot study. Anatomical Sciences Education, 13(6), 743758. https://doi.org/10.1002/ase.1940</p><p>Lewis, L. H., & Williams, C. J. (1994). Experiential learning: Past and present. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 1994(62), 516. https://doi.org/10.1002/ace.36719946203</p><p>Liu, Y., & Pantanowitz, L. (2019). Digital pathology: Review of current opportunities and challenges for oral pathologists. Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine, 48(4), 263269. https://doi.org/10.1111/jop.12825</p><p>Loh, K. K., & Kanai, R. (2016). How has the internet reshaped human cognition? Neuroscientist, 22(5), 506520. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073858415595005</p><p>Loorbach, N., Peters, O., Karreman, J., & Steehouder, M. (2015). Validation of the Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS) in a self-directed instructional setting aimed at working with technology. British Journal of Educational Technology, 46(1), 204218. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12138</p><p>Lund, A. M. (2001). Measuring usability with the USE questionnaire. Usability Interface, 8(2), 36.</p><p>Malaysian Examinations Council. (n.d.). Laporan Peperiksaan Tahunan (2013-2021). Retrieved November 1, 2021, from https://www.mpm.edu.my/en/resources/publication/annual-reports</p><p>Malaysian Examinations Council. (2012). STPM biology syllabus and specimen papers. Malaysian Examinations Council.</p><p>Malaysian Examinations Council. (2023). Manual for biology coursework paper 4 (964/4) STPM 2023. Malaysian Examinations Council.</p><p>Manganello, F., Falsetti, C., & Leo, T. (2019). Self-regulated learning for web-enhanced control engineering education. Educational Technology and Society, 22(1), 4458.</p><p>Mariam Faridah Che Muda, & Rohaida Mohd Saat. (2010). Tahap penguasaan kemahiran manipulatif dalam kalangan pelajar tingkatan 4. Jurnal Pendidikan Pendidikan, 11, 117.</p><p>Maskiewicz, A. C., & Lineback, J. E. (2013). Misconceptions are so yesterday! CBE Life Sciences Education, 12(3), 352356. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.13-01-0014</p><p>Maslow, A. (1954). Motivation and personality. Harper.</p><p>Matriculation Division. (2003). Biology laboratory manual Semester I & II SB015 & SB025 (12th ed.). Ministry of Education Malaysia.</p><p>Matriculation Division. (2011). Biology Laboratory Manual Semester I & II DB014 & DB024 (4th ed.). Ministry of Education Malaysia.</p><p>Mayer, R. E. (2005). The cambridge handbook of multimedia learning. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511816819</p><p>Mayer, R. E., & Moreno, R. (2003). Nine ways to reduce cognitive load in multimedia learning. Educational Psychologist, 38(1), 4352. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326985EP3801_6</p><p>McKillip, J. (1987). Need analysis. SAGE Publications Inc. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203857373-11</p><p>Merk, M., Knuechel, R., & Perez-Bouza, A. (2010). Web-based virtual microscopy at the RWTH Aachen University: Didactic concept, methods and analysis of acceptance by the students. Annals of Anatomy, 192, 383387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2010.01.008</p><p>Michael, J. (2006). How we learn: Wheres the evidence that active learning works? Adv Physiol Educ, 30, 159167. https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00053</p><p>Mohamad Suzalie. (2003). Memahami isu-isu pendidikan islam di Malaysia.</p><p>Mohd Najib, A. G. (2003). Rekabentuk tinjauan soal selidik pendidikan. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.</p><p>Mohd Noor Azman Othman, Mas Anom Abdul Rashid, Ida Rosnita Ismail, Saifulrizan Norizan, & Sarah Artiqah Mohamad Saad. (2019). Debunking Gen Z learning style: Malaysian chapter. International Journal of Advance Research in Technology and Innovation, 1(2), 17.</p><p>Mller, K., Rajala, A., & Svahn, S. (2005). Strategic business nets - Their type and management. Journal of Business Research, 58(9), 12741284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2003.05.002</p><p>Mwangu, E. C., & Sibanda, L. (2017). Teaching biology practical lessons in secondary schools: A case study of five Mzilikazi District secondary schools in Bulawayo Metropolitan Province, Zimbabwe. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 6(3), 4755. https://doi.org/10.1515/ajis-2017-0020</p><p>Nauhria, S., & Hangfu, L. (2019). Virtual microscopy enhances the reliability and validity in histopathology curriculum: Practical guidelines. MedEdPublish, 8, 28. https://doi.org/10.15694/mep.2019.000028.2</p><p>Nawawi, Sari, M., & Sulistiany, H. (2021). Interactive multimedia on invertebrate topic for pre-service biology teacher. KOBI 2nd International Conference on Management of Tropical Biodiversity for Human Welfare: From Ecosystem to Molecular, 1, 9195. https://doi.org/10.29007/gklm</p><p>Neel, J. A., Grindem, C. B., & Bristol, D. G. (2007). Introduction and evaluation of virtual microscopy in teaching veterinary cytopathology. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 34(4), 437444. https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme.34.4.437</p><p>Newton, D. (2002). Theres more to communication than just words. In S. J. Amos & R. Boohan (Eds.), Aspects of teaching secondary science: Perspectives on practice (pp. 199210). RoutledgeFalmer.</p><p>Nicholas, J. R. (2019). 4 essential rules of 21st century learning. Teachthought.Com. https://www.teachthought.com/learning/4-essential-rules-of-21st-century-learning/</p><p>Niemiec, C. P., & Ryan, R. M. (2009). Autonomy, competence, and relatedness in the classroom: Applying self-determination theory to educational practice. Theory and Research in Education, 7(2), 133144. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477878509104318</p><p>Noraini Idris. (2013). Penyelidikan dalam pendidikan (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill Education (Malaysia).</p><p>Norasiah Abdullah, Nor Risah Jamilah Mat Lazim, & Rosnah Ahmad Zain. (2009). Teknologi dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Penerbitan Multimedia.</p><p>Norshahila Ibrahim. (2011). Animasi 2D dalam perisian edutaiment pendidikan kesihatan untuk penyakit jantung. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.</p><p>Olafsen, A. H., Deci, E. L., & Halvari, H. (2018). Basic psychological needs and work motivation: A longitudinal test of directionality. Motivation and Emotion, 42(2), 178189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-017-9646-2</p><p>Ordi, O., Bomb, J. A., Martnez, A., Ramrez, J., Als, L., Saco, A., Ribalta, T., Fernndez, P. L., Campo, E., & Ordi, J. (2015). Virtual microscopy in the undergraduate teaching of pathology. Journal of Pathology Informatics, 6(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.4103/2153-3539.150246</p><p>Ormrod, J. (2006). Educational psychology: Developing learners (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River.</p><p>Othman Talib. (2013). Asas penulisan tesis, penyelidikan & statistik. UPM.</p><p>Paas, F., Renkl, A., & Sweller, J. (2003). Cognitive load theory and instructional design: Recent developments. Educational Psychologist, 38(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326985EP3801_1</p><p>Partnership for 21st Century. (2019). Partnership for 21st century learning. https://www.battelleforkids.org/networks/p21</p><p>Paulsen, F. P., Eichhorn, M., & Bruer, L. (2010). Virtual microscopy - The future of teaching histology in the medical curriculum? Annals of Anatomy, 192(6), 378382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2010.09.008</p><p>Polit, D. F., Beck, C. T., & Owen, S. V. (2007). Focus on research methods: Is the CVI an acceptable indicator of content validity? Appraisal and recommendations. Research in Nursing & Health, 30, 459467. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20199</p><p>Pospilov, E., Cernochov, D., Lichnovsk, R., Erdsov, B., & Krajc, D. (2013). Application and evaluation of teaching practical histology with the use of virtual microscopy. Diagnostic Pathology, 8(S1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-1596-8-s1-s7</p><p>Pratt, R. L. (2009). Are we throwing histology out with the microscope? A look at histology from the physicians perspective. Anatomical Sciences Education, 2(5), 205209. https://doi.org/10.1002/ase.100</p><p>Pritchard, A. (2009). Ways of learning: Learning theories and learning styles in the classroom (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(45)91319-5</p><p>Privette, G. (1983). Peak experience, peak performance, and flow: A comparative analysis of positive human experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(6), 13611368. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.45.6.1361</p><p>Prokop, P., Prokop, M., & Tunnicliffe, S. D. (2007). Is biology boring? Student attitudes toward biology. Journal of Biological Education, 42(1), 3639. https://doi.org/10.1080/00219266.2007.9656105</p><p>Quillin, K., & Thomas, S. (2015). Drawing-to-learn: A framework for using drawings to promote model-based reasoning in biology. CBE Life Sciences Education, 14(1), 116. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.14-08-0128</p><p>Raber, J. A. (2020). Analysis of motivation, situational interest, and augmented reality. Kent State University College.</p><p>Rahayu, A. A. (2011). Penggunaan peta konsep untuk mengatasi miskonsepsi siswa pada konsep jaringan tumbuhan. Universitas Ialam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah.</p><p>Raja, S. (2010). Virtual microscopy as a teaching tool adjuvant to traditional microscopy. Medical Education, 44(11), 1126. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.2010.03841.x</p><p>Robb, S., Burnette, J. M., Chaposky, A., Palmer, K., & Wessler, S. R. (2015). An open source, collaborative electronic notebook for undergraduate laboratory classes. CourseSource, 2(2), 210. https://doi.org/10.24918/cs.2015.1</p><p>Rocard, M., Csermely, P., Jorde, D., Lenzen, D., Walberg-Henriksson, H., & Hemmo, V. (2007). Science education now: A renewed pedagogy for the future of Europe.</p><p>Rodrigues, I. B., Adachi, J. D., Beattie, K. A., & MacDermid, J. C. (2017). Development and validation of a new tool to measure the facilitators, barriers and preferences to exercise in people with osteoporosis. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 18(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-017-1914-5</p><p>Romero, E., Gmez, F., & Iregui, M. (2007). Virtual microscopy in medical images : A survey. Modern Research and Educational Topics in Microscopy, 571, 9961006.</p><p>Rosamsi, S., Miarsyah, M., & Ristanto, R. H. (2019). Interactive multimedia effectiveness in improving cell concept mastery. Journal of Biology Education, 8(1), 5661. https://doi.org/10.15294/jbe.v8i1.28154</p><p>Rosas, C., Rub, R., Donoso, M., & Uribe, S. (2012). Dental students evaluations of an interactive histology software. Journal of Dental Education, 76(11), 14911496. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.0022-0337.2012.76.11.tb05411.x</p><p>Rosenberg, H., Kermalli, J., Freeman, E., Tenenbaum, H., Locker, D., & Cohen, H. (2006). Effectiveness of an electronic histology tutorial for first-year dental students and improvement in normalized test scores. Journal of Dental Education, 70(12), 13391345. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.0022-0337.2006.70.12.tb04237.x</p><p>Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 5467. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1999.1020</p><p>Saco, A., Bombi, J. A., Garcia, A., Ramrez, J., & Ordi, J. (2016). Current status of whole-slide imaging in education. Pathobiology, 83(23), 7988. https://doi.org/10.1159/000442391</p><p>Sadeh, I., & Zion, M. (2012). Which type of inquiry project do high school biology students prefer: Open or guided? Research in Science Education, 42(5), 831848. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-011-9222-9</p><p>Seifried, J., & Figueroa, M. A. (2016). Identification of misconceptions related to size and scale through a nanotechnology-based K-12 activity. ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings, 2016-June. https://doi.org/10.18260/p.25513</p><p>Sekaran, U., & Bougie, J. R. G. (2009). Research methods for business: A skill building approach (5th ed.). Wiley.</p><p>Shatto, B., & Erwin, K. (2016). Moving on from Millennials: Preparing for Generation Z. Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 47(6), 253254. https://doi.org/10.3928/00220124-20160518-05</p><p>Shi, J., Mo, X., & Sun, Z. (2012). Content validity index in scale development. Journal of Central South University (Medical Sciences), 37(2), 152155. https://doi.org/10.3969/J.ISSN.1672-7347.2012.02.007</p><p>Sidek Mohd Noah, & Jamaludin Ahmad. (2005). Pembinaan modul: Bagaimana membina modul latihan dan modul akademik. Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia.</p><p>Simok, A. A., Hadie@Haji, S. N. H., Abdul Manan@Sulong, H., Yusoff, M. S. B., Mohd Noor, N. F., Asari, M. A., & Kasim, F. (2019). The impact of virtual microscopy on medical students intrinsic motivation. Education in Medicine Journal, 14(4), 4759. https://doi.org/10.21315/eimj2019.11.4.5</p><p>Simpson, E. J. (1972). The classification of educational objectives, psychomotor domain. Gryphon House.</p><p>Skinner, B. F. (1938). The behavior of organisms: An experimental analysis. Appleton-Century.</p><p>Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and human behavior. Free Press. https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v028n052.p4529</p><p>Skinner, B. F. (1957). Verbal behavior. Appleton-Century.</p><p>Slavin, R. E. (1996). Research on cooperative learning and achievement: What we know, what we need to know. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 21(1), 4369. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1996.0004</p><p>Slavin, R. E. (2018). Educational psychology: Theory and practice (12th ed.). Pearson.</p><p>Smaldino, S. E., Lowther, D. L., & Russell, J. D. (2012). Instructional technology and media for learning (10th ed.). Pearson Education.</p><p>Snowman, J., & McCown, R. R. (2015). Psychology applied to teaching (14th ed.). Cengage Learning.</p><p>Soegoto, H. (2019). Smartphone usage among college students. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 14(3), 12481259.</p><p>Song, S. H., & Keller, J. M. (2001). Effectiveness of motivationally adaptive computer-assisted instruction on the dynamic aspects of motivation. Educational Technology Research and Development, 49(2), 522. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02504925</p><p>Soyibo, K. (1995). A review of some sources of students misconceptions in biology. Singapore Journal of Education, 15(2), 111. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188799508548576</p><p>Sung, E., & Mayer, R. E. (2012). When graphics improve liking but not learning from online lessons. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(5), 16181625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.03.026</p><p>Suparno, P. (2013). Miskonsepsi dan perubahan konsep dalam pembelajaran fisika. Grasindo.</p><p>Susiyawati, E., & Treagust, D. F. (2021). Students visual literacy: A study from plant anatomy learning. Journal of Physics: Conference Series Series, 1747, 17. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1747/1/012021</p><p>Sutherland, R., Armstrong, V., Barnes, S., Brawn, R., Breeze, N., Gall, M., Matthewman, S., Olivero, F., Taylor, A., Triggs, P., Wishart, J., & John, P. (2004). Transforming teaching and learning: Embedding ICT into everyday classroom practices. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 20(6), 413425. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2004.00104.x</p><p>Sweller, J. (1994). Cognitive load theory, learning difficulty, and instructional design. Learning and Instruction, 4(4), 295312. https://doi.org/10.1016/0959-4752(94)90003-5</p><p>Sweller, J. (2010). Element interactivity and intrinsic, extraneous, and germane cognitive load. Educational Psychology Review, 22(2), 123138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9128-5</p><p>Sweller, J., van Merrinboer, J. J. G., & Paas, F. (2019). Cognitive architecture and instructional design: 20 years later. Educational Psychology Review, 31(2), 261292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-019-09465-5</p><p>Tauber, Z., Cizkova, K., Lichnovska, R., Lacey, H., Erdosova, B., Zizka, R., & Kamarad, V. (2019). Evaluation of the effectiveness of the presentation of virtual histology slides by students during classes. Are there any differences in approach between dentistry and general medicine students? European Journal of Dental Education, 23(2), 119126. https://doi.org/10.1111/eje.12410</p><p>Tekkaya, C., Ozkan, O., & Sungur, S. (2001). Biology concepts perceived as difficult by Turkish high school students. Journal of Education 21, 21, 145150.</p><p>Teoh, C. Z., Lee, T. T., Muhamad Ikhwan Mat Saad, Sagat, M. P., Nur Aqilah Jamaludin Khir, & Rajagopal, T. (2022). HistoGuide mobile application (virtual microscopy and slides): A quantitative usability pilot study. Journal of ICT in Education, 9(2), 162174. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37134/jictie.vol9.2.12.2022</p><p>Teoh, C. Z., Mindar Singh, N. K., Siti Nor Badariah, Marzuki Mohd Uzi Dollah, & Muhamad Ikhwan Mat Saad. (2022). Using HistoGuide mobile application (virtual microscopy): A qualitative pilot study on usability and sixth form students learning experience. EDUCATUM Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology, 9(2), 136154. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37134/ejsmt.vol9.2.15.2022</p><p>Teoh, C. Z., & Muhamad Ikhwan Mat Saad. (2022). HistoGuides (virtual microscopy and slides) development and usability. Malaysia Journal of Invention and Innovation, 1(1), 1432.</p><p>Teoh, C. Z., Saad, M. I. M., & Che Nidzam Che Ahmad. (2022). Integrating technology-mediated learning in biology education (histology): A systematic literature review. EDUCATUM Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology, 9(1), 4857. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37134/ejsmt.vol9.1.5.2022</p><p>Tet, K. C., & Noraidah Sahari. (2015). Utilitarian or Experiential? An Analysis of Usability Questionnaires. International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, 7(2), 167171. https://doi.org/10.7763/ijcte.2015.v7.950</p><p>Theimagestop. (2022). WordPress vs Wix vs Squarespace vs GoDaddy builder. https://theimagestop.com/wordpress-vs-wix-vs-squarespace/</p><p>Thompson, E., Luxton-Reilly, A., Whalley, J. L., Hu, M., & Robbins, P. (2008). Blooms taxonomy for CS assessment. Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, 78, 155161.</p><p>Thompson, N. A. (2013). Reliability & validity.</p><p>Triola, M. M., & Holloway, W. J. (2011a). Enhanced virtual microscopy for collaborative education. BMC Medical Education, 11(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-11-4</p><p>Triola, M. M., & Holloway, W. J. (2011b). Enhanced virtual microscopy for collaborative education. BMC Medical Education, 11(1), 912. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-11-4</p><p>van Merrinboer, J. J. G., & Sweller, J. (2005). Cognitive load theory and complex learning: Recent developments and future directions. Educational Psychology Review, 17(2), 147177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-005-3951-0</p><p>van Wyk, N. (2019). A proposed framework for developing online courses: The case for a VR course. University of Cape Town.</p><p>van Wyk, N., Johnston, K., Moeller, K., & Haas, F. (2020). Developing an IT course for emerging technologies using a framework An example of an IoT Course V1.0. Proceedings of the 2020 InSITE Conference, 015045. https://doi.org/10.28945/4521</p><p>Vaughan, T. (2014). Multimedia: Making it work (9th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.</p><p>Weaker, F. J., & Herbert, D. C. (2009). Transition of a dental histology course from light to virtual microscopy. Journal of Dental Education, 73(10), 12131221. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.0022-0337.2009.73.10.tb04813.x</p><p>Welch, W. W., Klopfer, L. E., Aikenhead, G. S., & Robinson, J. T. (1981). The role of inquiry in science education: Analysis and recommendations. Science Education, 65(1), 3350. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.3730650106</p><p>Woolfolk, A. (2019). Educational psychology (14th ed.). Pearson. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.09.020158.001201</p><p>Wray, L. A. M. (2012). The motivational effects of using mobile devices in mathematics classrooms by students with exceptionalities. Ontario Institute of Technology.</p><p>Xu, C. J. (2013). Is virtual microscopy really better for histology teaching? Anatomical Sciences Education, 6(2), 138. https://doi.org/10.1002/ase.1337</p><p>Yez-Aldecoa, C., Okada, A., & Palau, R. (2015). New learning scenarios for the 21st century related to education, culture and technology. RUSC. Universities and Knowledge Society Journal, 12(2), 87. https://doi.org/10.7238/rusc.v12i2.2454</p><p>Zamanzadeh, V., Ghahramanian, A., Rassouli, M., Abbaszadeh, A., Alavi-Majd, H., & Nikanfar, A.-R. (2015). Design and implementation content validity study: Development of an instrument for measuring patient-centered communication. Journal of Caring Sciences, 4(2), 165178. https://doi.org/10.15171/jcs.2015.017</p><p>Zamri Mahamod, & Noriah Mohd Ishak. (2003). Analisis Cohen Kappa dalam penyelidikan bahasa: Satu pengalaman. Seminar Penyelidikan Pendidikan Guru Peringkat Kebangsaan, 17.</p><p>Zeidan, A. (2010). The relationship between grade 11 Palestinian attitudes toward biology and their perceptions of the biology learning environment. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 8(5), 783800. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-009-9185-8</p><p>Zimmerman, B. J. (2001). Theories of self-regulated learning and academic achievement: An overview and analysis. In B. J. Zimmerman & D. H. Schunk (Eds.), Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: Theoretical perspectives (2nd ed., pp. 138). L. Erlbaum.</p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p>
spellingShingle QH Natural history
Teoh, Chern Zhong
Development of sixth-form HistoGuide application and its impact towards drawing skill, labelling skill and motivation
thesis_level Master
title Development of sixth-form HistoGuide application and its impact towards drawing skill, labelling skill and motivation
title_full Development of sixth-form HistoGuide application and its impact towards drawing skill, labelling skill and motivation
title_fullStr Development of sixth-form HistoGuide application and its impact towards drawing skill, labelling skill and motivation
title_full_unstemmed Development of sixth-form HistoGuide application and its impact towards drawing skill, labelling skill and motivation
title_short Development of sixth-form HistoGuide application and its impact towards drawing skill, labelling skill and motivation
title_sort development of sixth form histoguide application and its impact towards drawing skill labelling skill and motivation
topic QH Natural history
url https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=12064
work_keys_str_mv AT teohchernzhong developmentofsixthformhistoguideapplicationanditsimpacttowardsdrawingskilllabellingskillandmotivation