Pembangunan dan keberkesanan kerangka Penyelesaian Masalah KBAT Matematik dengan Model Bar terhadap pencapaian, motivasi dan sikap murid Tahun Lima
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | Malay |
| Published: |
2024
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=13457 |
| Abstract | Abstract here |
| _version_ | 1855626398088036352 |
|---|---|
| author | Azrul Azwan Mohd Abdul Aziz |
| author_facet | Azrul Azwan Mohd Abdul Aziz |
| author_sort | Azrul Azwan Mohd Abdul Aziz |
| description | |
| format | Thesis |
| id | upsi-13457 |
| institution | Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
| language | Malay |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | sWADAH |
| record_pdf | Restricted |
| spelling | upsi-134572025-10-27 Pembangunan dan keberkesanan kerangka Penyelesaian Masalah KBAT Matematik dengan Model Bar terhadap pencapaian, motivasi dan sikap murid Tahun Lima 2024 Azrul Azwan Mohd Abdul Aziz QA Mathematics <p>Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan dan menguji keberkesanan kerangka Penyelesaian Masalah KBAT Matematik dengan Model Bar (P2MK) terhadap pencapaian, motivasi dan sikap murid Tahun Lima. Kerangka P2MK digunakan terhadap penyelesaian masalah KBAT Nombor dan Operasi Matematik dengan mengaplikasikan strategi Model Bar. Kajian ini adalah kajian reka bentuk dan pembangunan jenis II melibatkan tiga fasa. Fasa pertama adalah kajian keperluan yang ditadbir kepada 65 orang guru Matematik dan 102 orang murid Tahun Lima. Fasa kedua adalah fasa reka bentuk dan pembangunan Kerangka P2MK menggunakan kaedah Fuzzy Delphi melibatkan 15 orang pakar. Modul Penggunaan Kerangka P2MK juga telah dibangunkan pada fasa ini. Fasa tiga adalah fasa pelaksanaan dan pengujian kaedah pengajaran menggunakan Kerangka P2MK yang dijalankan melalui reka bentuk kuasi-eksperimen melibatkan 63 orang murid Tahun Lima. Data dianalisis menerusi analisis ANOVA dan MANOVA bagi menentukan perbezaan pencapaian, motivasi dan sikap murid antara kumpulan rawatan dan kumpulan kawalan. Dapatan fasa satu menunjukkan terdapat keperluan untuk membangunkan Kerangka P2MK. Analisis Fuzzy Delphi yang dijalankan pada fasa dua menunjukkan bahawa ketiga-tiga syarat utama telah dipenuhi iaitu (i) nilai ambang kurang daripada 0.2, (ii) peratus kesepakatan pakar melebihi 75% dan (iii) nilai skor Fuzzy melebihi 0.5. Dapatan ini menunjukkan bahawa Kerangka P2MK telah berjaya dibangunkan melalui kesepakatan 15 orang pakar. Modul Penggunaan Kerangka P2MK juga mempunyai kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan yang memuaskan. Pada fasa tiga, dapatan menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan bagi min Ujian Pos antara kumpulan bagi pencapaian, motivasi dan sikap murid. Kesimpulannya, Kerangka P2MK dapat mempertingkatkan pencapaian murid serta mengukuhkan motivasi dan sikap murid. Implikasinya, Kerangka P2MK sesuai digunakan untuk memperkukuhkan kemahiran penyelesaian masalah KBAT dalam bidang Nombor dan Operasi Matematik.</p> 2024 thesis https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=13457 https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=13457 text zsm N/A openAccess Doctoral Perpustakaan Tuanku Bainun Fakulti Sains dan Matematik <p>Abdul Halim Abdullah, Nur Liyana Zainal Abidin, & Mahani Mokhtar. (2017). Using</p><p>thinking blocks to encourage the use of higher order thinking skills among</p><p>students when solving problems on fractions. World Academy of Science,</p><p>Engineering and Technology International Journal of Social, Behavioral,</p><p>Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering, 11(2), 252258.</p><p>Abdul Halim Roslan, & Nur Jahan Ahmad. (2022). Keberkesanan modul gravi-stem</p><p>terhadap kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi (KBAT) bagi topik Kegravitian. Global</p><p>Journal of Educational Research and Management (GERMANE), 2(1), 279-</p><p>288.</p><p>Abdolreza Lessani, Aida Suraya Md Yunus, Rohani Ahmad Tarmiz, & Rosnaini</p><p>Mahmud. (2014). Why Singaporean 8th grade students gain highest</p><p>mathematics ranking in TIMSS (1999-2011). International Education Studies,</p><p>7(11), 173-181.</p><p>Abdolreza Lessani, Aida Suraya Md. Yunus, & Kamariah Abu Bakar. (2017).</p><p>Comparison of new mathematics teaching methods with traditional method.</p><p>PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, 3(2), 1285-1297.</p><p>Abdul Qayyum Chaudhary, Misbah Malik, & Noreen Rafiq. (2019). Attitude of</p><p>students towards learning mathematics at elementary level. Journal of</p><p>Elementary Education, 29(1), 109-120.</p><p>Abu Bakar Nordin. (1995). Penilaian Afektif. Massa Enterprise.</p><p>Abu Bakar Nordin. (2013). Kurikulum ke arah penghasilan kemahiran berfikir kritis,</p><p>kreatif dan inovatif. Jurnal Kurikulum dan Pengajaran Asia Pasifik.,1, 10-18.</p><p>Adisel, A., & Prananosa, A. G. (2020). Penggunaan teknologi informasi dan</p><p>komunikasi dalam sistem manajemen pembelajaran pada masa pandemi Covid</p><p>19. Journal Of Administration and Educational Management (Alignment), 3(1),</p><p>1-10.</p><p>Adler, M., & Ziglio, E. (1996). Gazing into the oracle: the delphi method and its</p><p>application to social policy and public health. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.</p><p>Afinde Othman. (2016). Pengetahuan, kemahiran dan amalan guru membina item</p><p>KBAT dalam instrumen pentaksiran pembelajaran. [Tesis Sarjana Yang Tidak</p><p>Diterbitkan]. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia.</p><p>Akanksha Soni, & Santha Kumari. (2017). The role of parental math anxiety and math</p><p>attitude in their childrens math achievement. International Journal of Science</p><p>and Mathematics Education, 15, 331347.</p><p>Akyz, G. (2020). Non-routine problem solving performances of mathematics</p><p>teacher candidates. Educational Research and Reviews, 15(5), 214224.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.5897/err2020.3907.</p><p>Albert Ling N. B., & Muhammad Sofwan Mahmud. (2021). Kemahiran penyelesaian</p><p>masalah matematik berayat dalam pembelajaran matematik di sekolah rendah:</p><p>sebuah tinjauan literatur. Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan, 3(3), 123-134.</p><p>Andamon, J., & Tan, D. A. (2018). Conceptual understanding, attitude and</p><p>performance in mathematics of grade 7 students. International Journal of</p><p>Scientific & Technology Research, 7(8), 96-105.</p><p>Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. R., et al. (Eds). (2001). A taxonomy for learning,</p><p>teaching, and assessing: a revision of Blooms Taxonomy of educational</p><p>objectives. Allyn & Bacon: Pearson Education Group.</p><p>Anusha Mirza, & Nasreen Hussain. (2018). Performing below the targeted level: an</p><p>investigation into KS3 pupils attitudes towards mathematics. Journal of</p><p>Education and Educational Development, 5(1), 8-24.</p><p>Apino, E., & Retnawati, H. (2017). Developing instructional design to improve</p><p>mathematical higher order thinking skills of students. Journal of Physics:</p><p>Conference Series, 9(1), 310.</p><p>Archambault, I., Eccles, J., & Vida, M. (2010). Ability self-concepts and subjective</p><p>value in literacy: joint trajectories from grades 1 through 12. Journal of</p><p>Educational Psychology, 102(4), 804816.</p><p>Ari Septian, & Elsa Komala. (2019). Kemampuan koneksi matematik dan motivasi</p><p>belajar siswa dengan mengunakan model problem-based learning (Pbl)</p><p>berbantuan geogebra di SMP. Jurnal PRISMA Universitas Suryakancana, 8(1),</p><p>1-13.</p><p>Arihasnida Ariffin, Zainora Baisar, Norhasyimah Hamzah, Siti Nur Kamariah Rubani,</p><p>& Tamil Selvan Subramaniam. (2018). Kaedah melukis gambarajah: satu</p><p>pendekatan dalam proses penyelesaian masalah matematik. Online Journal for</p><p>TVET Practioners. 1-7. https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/oj-</p><p>tp/article/view/4811.</p><p>Atanasova-Pacemska, T., Lazarova, L., Arsov, J., Pacemska, S., Trifunov, Z., &</p><p>Kovacheva, T. (2015). Attitude of secondary students towards mathematics and</p><p>its relationship to achievement in mathematics. In Proceeding from</p><p>International Conference on Information Technology and Development of</p><p>EducationITRO, 7, 109-114.</p><p>Augustine Anak Singga, & Effandi Zakaria (2020). Penggunaan model bar dalam</p><p>menyelesaikan masalah Tahun 6. Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan, 2(1), 113-124.</p><p>Aziah Tajudin, & Mohd. Fazli Tajuid (2016). Kamus pelajar Bahasa Melayu dewan</p><p>(Edisi Kedua). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.</p><p>Azita Ali, & Nor Aini Harun. (2017). Hubungan faktor-faktor penguasaan kefahaman</p><p>konsep matematik dengan minat bagi pelajar sarjana muda pendidikan teknik</p><p>dan vokasional. Online Journal for TVET Practitioners, 2(2).</p><p>https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/.</p><p>Azizi Jaafar. (2015). Penilaian pelaksanaan kurikulum islam sekolah menengah</p><p>berasaskan model Context-Input-Process-Product (CIPP). [Tesis Doktor</p><p>Falsafah Yang Tidak Diterbitkan]. Universiti Utara Malaysia.</p><p>Azizi Subeli, & Roslinda Rosli. (2021). Sikap dan kesediaan pelajar Tingkatan Empat</p><p>Terhadap perlaksanaan kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi dalam pembelajaran</p><p>matematik. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH),</p><p>6(3), 54-68.</p><p>Azriana Abdul Azis & Roslinda Rosli. (2021). Analisis aras kognitif bagi soalan</p><p>dalam buku teks matematik Tahun 4 KSSR Semakan. Malaysian Journal of</p><p>Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 6(3), 146-158. https://doi.org/</p><p>10.47405/mjssh.v6i3.712.</p><p>Azrul Azwan Mohd Abdul Aziz, Marzita Puteh, & Mazlini Adnan. (2021). The</p><p>development of the HOTS mathematical problem-solving framework using the</p><p>bar model strategy - a need analysis. Review of International Geographical</p><p>Education (RIGEO),11(4), 972-981. https://doi.org/10.48047/rigeo.11.04.90.</p><p>Azrul Azwan Mohd Abdul Aziz, Marzita Puteh, Norain Mohd Tajudin, & Mazlini</p><p>Adnan. (2017). Pupils achievement towards higher order thinking skill</p><p>mathematics questions with bar model method. Sci.Int.(Lahore), 29(4),733-736.</p><p>Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum (BPK). (2010). Kurikulum Standard Sekolah</p><p>Rendah (KSSR). Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p>Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum (BPK). (2012a). Kurikulum Standard Sekolah</p><p>Rendah: buku panduan kemahiran menaakul. Kementerian Pendidikan</p><p>Malaysia.</p><p>Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum (BPK). (2012b). Higher order thinking skills in</p><p>science & mathematics. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p>Bahagian Pengembangan Kurikulum (BPK). (2013). Bahan sumber peningkatan</p><p>kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p>Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum (BPK). (2014). Kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi:</p><p>aplikasi di sekolah. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p>Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum (BPK). (2016). Buku penerangan Kurikulum</p><p>Standard Sekolah Menengah (KSSM). Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p>Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum (BPK). (2018). Kurikulum Standard Sekolah</p><p>Rendah Matematik : Dokumen standard dan pentaksiran Tahun 4. Kementerian</p><p>Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p>Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum (BPK). (2019). Kurikulum Standard Sekolah</p><p>Rendah: Dokumen standard kurikulum dan pentaksiran matematik Tahun 5.</p><p>Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p>Baharuddin, & Esa Nur Wahyuni. (2020). Teori Belajar & Pembelajaran. Ar-Ruzz</p><p>Media.</p><p>Balentyne, P., & Varga, M. A. (2017). Attitudes and achievement in a self-paced</p><p>blended mathematics course. Journal of Online Learning Research, 3(1), 55-72.</p><p>Barnett, S. (2019). Application of Vygotskys social development theory. Journal of</p><p>Education and Practice, 10(35), 1-4.</p><p>Barry, G. (2006). Miracle math: A successful program from Singapore tests the limits</p><p>of school reform in the suburbs. Educational Next, 6, 38-45.</p><p>Beck, C. T., & Gable, R. K. (2001). Ensuring content validity: an illustration of the</p><p>process. J Nurs Meas, 9(2), 20115.</p><p>Berger, N., Mackenzie, E., & Holmes, K. (2020). Positive attitudes towards</p><p>mathematics and science are mutually beneficial for student achievement: a</p><p>latent profile analysis of TIMSS 2015. Aust. Educ. Res. 47, 409444.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-020-00379-8.</p><p>Beilock, S. L., & DeCaro, M. S. (2007). From poor performance to success under</p><p>stress: Working memory, strategy selection, and mathematical problem solving</p><p>under pressure. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and</p><p>Cognition, 33(6), 983998. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.33.6.983.</p><p>Bernacki, M. L., Greene, J. A., & Crompton, H. (2020). Mobile technology, learning,</p><p>and achievement: Advances in understanding and measuring the role of mobile</p><p>technology in education. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 60, 101827.</p><p>Bernard Tahim Bael, Suppiah Nachiappan, & Maslinda Pungut. (2021). Analisis</p><p>kesediaan guru dalam pelaksanaan kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi dalam</p><p>pembelajaran, pengajaran dan pemudahcaraaan abad ke 21. Muallim Journal</p><p>of Social Science and Humanities, 5(1), 100119.</p><p>Bishop, A. J., FitzSimons, G., Wee, T. S., & Clarkson, P. (2001). Exploring issues of</p><p>control over values teaching in the mathematics classroom. Proceeding of a</p><p>2001 Annual Conference of the Australian Association for Research in</p><p>Education, Fremantle, Australia.</p><p>Blomqvist, A., Elamari, U., & Sumpter, L. (2012). Grade 2 and Grade 5 students</p><p>conceptions about mathematics and mathematics education. In G.H.</p><p>Gunnarsdottir, F. Hreinsdottir, G. Nyman & Sumpter (2019) 95 Palsdottir, M.</p><p>Hannula, M. Hannula-Sormunen, E. Jablonka, U. Jankvist, A. Ryve, P. Valero</p><p>& K. Wge (Eds.), Proceedings of NORMA 11: The sixth Nordic conference on</p><p>mathematics education, (pp. 187 196). Reykjavik.</p><p>Bloom, B. S. (1956) Taxonomy of educational objectives, handbook: the cognitive</p><p>domain. David McKay.</p><p>Bodjanova, S. (2006). Median alpha-levels of a fuzzy number. Fuzzy Sets and</p><p>Systems, 157(7), 879-891.</p><p>Boesen, J., Helenius, O., Bergqvist, E., Bergqvist, T., Lithner, J., Palm, T., &</p><p>Palmberg, B. (2014). Developing mathematical competence: From the intended</p><p>to the enacted curriculum. Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 33, 7287.</p><p>Bozkurt, G. (2017). Social constructivism: does it succeed in reconciling individual</p><p>cognition with social teaching and learning practices in mathematics?. Journal</p><p>of Education and Practice, 8(3), 210-218.</p><p>Brijlall, D. (2015). Exploring the stages of polyas problem-solving model during</p><p>collaborative learning: a case of fractions. International Journal of Educational</p><p>Sciences, 11(3), 291-299. https://doi.org/10.1080/09751122.2015. 11890401.</p><p>Brousseau, G. (1997). Theory of didactical situations in mathematics. Kluwer.</p><p>Brown, G., Irving, E., & Keegan, P. (2008). An introduction to educational</p><p>assessment, measurement and evaluation (2nd ed.). Pearson Education.</p><p>Brumbaugh, D. K, Moch, P. L, & Wilkinson, M. (2005). Mathematics content for</p><p>elementary teacher. Lawrence Erlbaum Associated.</p><p>Bruner, J. S. (1960). The Process of education. Harvard University Press.</p><p>Bruner, J. S. (1961). The act of discovery. Harvard Educational Review, 31, 21-32.</p><p>Bruner, J. S. (1966). Towards a theory of instruction. Harvard University Press.</p><p>Bruner, J. (1997) Celebrating divergence: Piaget and Vygotsky, Human</p><p>Development, 40, 63-73.</p><p>Bybee, R.W. (2006). Scientific inquiry and science teaching. In: L.B. Flick, & N.G.</p><p>Lederman (Eds.), Scientific inquiry and nature of science. science & technology</p><p>education library, 25. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-</p><p>5814-1_1.</p><p>Calvo-Ferrer, J. R. (2017). Educational games as stand-alone learning tools and their</p><p>motivational effect on L2 vocabulary acquisition and perceived learning gains.</p><p>British Journal of Educational Technology, 48(2), 264-278.</p><p>Campbell, P. C. (2014). Modifying ADDIE: Incorporating new technologies in library</p><p>instruction. Public Services Quarterly, 10(2), 138-149.</p><p>Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and quasi-experimental</p><p>designs for research. Houghton Mifflin Company.</p><p>Carr M. E. (2019). Student and/or teacher valuing in mathematics classrooms:</p><p>where are we now, and where should we go?. In P. Clarkson, W. Seah, & J.</p><p>Pang (Eds.), Values and Valuing in Mathematics Education. 25-52, ICME-13</p><p>Monographs. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16892-6_3.</p><p>Cetin, B. (2015). Academic motivation and self-regulated learninig in predicting</p><p>academic achievement in college. Journal of International Education Research,</p><p>11(2), 95-106.</p><p>Cha, J. H., & Finkelstein, M. (2016). New shock models based on the generalized</p><p>Polya process. European Journal of Operational Research, 251(1), 135-141,</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2015.11.032.</p><p>Chan, Y. L., Gopi Krishnan, & Rozaili Mohd Ali. (2020). Kurikulum Standard</p><p>Sekolah Rendah (Semakan 2017): Matematik sekolah kebangsaan Tahun 5.</p><p>Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.</p><p>Chan, C. P., & Roslinda Rosli. (2021). Kebimbangan matematik dan hubungannya</p><p>dengan pencapaian pelajar Tingkatan Satu. Malaysian Journal of Social</p><p>Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 6(3), 30 40.</p><p>Chang, P. L., Hsu, C. W., & Chang, P. C. (2011). Fuzzy Delphi method for evaluating</p><p>hydrogen production technologies. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy.</p><p>14172 14179.</p><p>Chao, T., Chen, J., Star, J. R., & Dede, C. (2016). Using digital resources for</p><p>motivation and engagement in learning mathematics: reflections from teachers</p><p>and students. Digital Experience in Mathematics Education, 2, 253277.</p><p>Chen, C. T. (2000). Extensions of the TOPSIS for group decision-making under fuzzy</p><p>environment. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 114, 1-9.</p><p>Cheng, C. H., & Lin, Y. (2002). Evaluating the best main battle tank using fuzzy</p><p>decision theory with linguistic criteria evaluation. European Journal of</p><p>Operational Research, 142 (1), 174-186.</p><p>Chew M. L., & Faridah Mydin Kutty. (2023). Hubungan antara motivasi dengan</p><p>pencapaian matematik murid Tahun Lima. Malaysian Journal of Social</p><p>Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 8(3). https://doi: 10.47405/mjssh.v8i3.2219.</p><p>Chiu, Y. K., & Muhammad Sofwan Mahmud. (2021). Hubungan sikap dengan</p><p>pencapaian matematik T Pelajar pra-universiti di Kinta Utara, Perak. Jurnal</p><p>Dunia Pendidikan, 3(3), 92-105.</p><p>Christenson, S. L., Reschly, A. L., & Wylie, C. (Eds.). (2012). Handbook of research</p><p>on student engagement. Springer.</p><p>Chu, H. C., & Hwang, G. J. (2008). A Delphi-based approach to developing expert</p><p>systems with the cooperation of multiple experts. Expert System With</p><p>Applications, 34(28), 24-40.</p><p>Chu, H. E., Martin, S. N., & Park, J. (2019). A theoretical framework for developing</p><p>an intercultural STEAM program for Australian and Korean students to enhance</p><p>science teaching and learning. International Journal of Science and</p><p>Mathematics Education, 17(7), 1251-1266.</p><p>Chua, Y. P. (2014a). Kaedah penyelidikan buku 1 (Edisi Ketiga). Mc Graw Hill.</p><p>Chua, Y. P. (2014b). Kaedah dan statistik penyelidikan: ujian univariat dan</p><p>multivariat (Edisi Kedua). Mc Graw Hill Education (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.</p><p>Clark, A. (2009). Problem solving in Singapore math. math in focus: A Singapore</p><p>approach. http://www.scribd.com/doc/36990278/Math-in-FocusProblem-</p><p>Solving by-Andy-Clark.</p><p>Clark, A. (2010). Singapore math: a visual approach to word problems. Marshall</p><p>Cavendish Education.</p><p>Claudia, C. Brandenberger, C. C., Hagenauer, G., & Hascher, T. (2018). Promoting</p><p>students self-determined motivation in maths: results of a 1-year classroom</p><p>intervention. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 33, 295317.</p><p>Coakes, S. J., & Steed, L. (2007). SPSS version 14.0 for windows: Analysis without</p><p>anguish. John Wiley & Sons.</p><p>Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2018). Research method in education (8th</p><p>ed.). Routledge.</p><p>Confrey, J. (1990). Chapter 8: What constructivism implies for teaching. Journal for</p><p>Research in Mathematics Education: Constructivist Views on the Teaching and</p><p>Learning of Mathematics, 4, 107-210.</p><p>Connie S. @ Connie C. O., & Juppri B. (2019). Kesan kaedah mengajar terhadap</p><p>pencapaian awal matematik dalam kalangan kanak-kanak prasekolah. Jurnal</p><p>Pendidikan Awal Kanak-Kanak Kebangsaan, 8, 816.</p><p>Creswell, J. W. (2018). Research design: qualitative, quantitative and mixed method</p><p>approaches (5th ed.). Sage Publications.</p><p>Creu, D. M. (2015). A model for promoting academic motivation. Procedia - Social</p><p>and Behavioral Sciences, 180, 751 758.</p><p>Cronbach, L. J. (1946). Response sets and test validity. Educational and</p><p>Psychological Measurement, 6(4), 475494. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316</p><p>444600600405.</p><p>Cronbach, L. J. (1990). Essentials of psychological testing (5th ed.). HarperCollins</p><p>Publishers.</p><p>Csikos, C., Szitanyi, J., & Kelemen, R. (2011). The effects of using drawings in</p><p>developing young childrens mathematical word problem solving: A design</p><p>experiment with third grade Hungarian students. Educational Studies in</p><p>Mathematics, 81(1), 47-65.</p><p>Dahlgren, J. A., & Sumpter, L. (2010). Childrens conceptions about mathematics and</p><p>mathematics education. In K. Kislenko (Ed.) Current state of research on</p><p>mathematical beliefs, XVI , 77 88. O Vali Press.</p><p>Daulay, K. R., & Ruhaimah, I. (2019). Polya theory to improve problem-solving</p><p>skills. J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1188. https://doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1188/1/012070.</p><p>Davis, L. L. (1992). Instrument review: Getting the most from a panel of experts.</p><p>Applied nursing research, 5(4), 194-197.</p><p>Dayana Farzeeha Ali, Cheng, L. Y., & Mohd Nur Khafiz Hussin. (2014). Persepsi</p><p>guru-guru terhadap sistem KBSR dan KSSR: Satu kajian tinjauan dari aspek</p><p>kurikulum, kesediaan guru dan pelaksanaannya. Prosiding Persidangan</p><p>Antarabangsa Kelestarian Insan.</p><p>DeCaro, M. S. (2016). Inducing mental set constrains procedural flexibility and</p><p>conceptual understanding in mathematics. Mem Cogn, 44, 11381148.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421 -016-0614-y.</p><p>Demir, O. (2012). Students concept development and understanding of sine and</p><p>cosine functions. Universiteit Van Amsterdam.</p><p>http://www.sciense.uva.nl/onderwijs/thesis/central/files/f107257570.pdf.</p><p>Di Martino, P. (2019). Pupils view of problems: the evolution from kindergarten to</p><p>the end of primary school. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 100(3), 291</p><p>307. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10649-018-9850-3.</p><p>Dick, W., & Reiser, R. A. (1989). Merancang pengajaran yang efektif. Terj. Abdul</p><p>Rahim Mohd Saad. Prentice-Hall, Inc.</p><p>Dos Santos, L. M. (2019). Pre-Service teachers' professional development through</p><p>four-step problem-solving model: A seminar method. International Journal of</p><p>Education and Practice, 7(3), 146-157.</p><p>Duncan, R. M. (1995). Piaget and Vygotsky revisited: dialogue or assimilation?</p><p>Developmental Review, 15(4), 458-472.</p><p>Duque Jr. C. A., & Tan, D. A. (2018). Students mathematics attitudes and</p><p>metacognitive processes in mathematical problem solving. European Journal of</p><p>Education Studies, 4(11), 1-23.</p><p>Duval, R. (1995). Smiosis et pense: registres smiotiques et apprentissages</p><p>intellectuels (Semiosis and human thought. Semiotic registers and intellectual</p><p>learning). Peter Lang.</p><p>Duval, R. (2006). A cognitive analysis of problems of comprehension in a learning of</p><p>mathematics. Educ Stud Math, 61, 103131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-</p><p>006-0400-z.</p><p>Ee, A. M. (2002). Psikologi pendidikan iii (semester III). Fajar Bakti Sdn Bhd.</p><p>Effandi Zakaria, Roslinda Rosli, & Siti Mistima Maat (pnyt.). (2015). Isu dan</p><p>cabaran dalam pendidikan matematik. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.</p><p>Effandi Zakaria, & Zanaton Iksan (2007). Promoting cooperative learning in science</p><p>and mathematics education: A Malaysian perspective. Eurasia Journal of</p><p>Mathematics, Science & Technology Education, 3(1), 35-39.</p><p>Eichmann, B., Goldhammer, F., Greiff, S., Pucite, L., & Naumann, J. (2019). The</p><p>role of planning in complex problem solving. Computers & Education, 128, 1</p><p>12.</p><p>Elmurzaevich, M. A. (2022). Use of cloud technologies in education. Conference</p><p>Zone, 191192. https://www.conferencezone.org/index.php/cz/article/view/252.</p><p>England, L. (2010). Raise the bar on problem solving. Teaching Children</p><p>Mathematics. 17(3), 156-163. http://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ902167.</p><p>Ernest, P. (1996) Varieties of constructivism: a framework for comparison. In L. P.</p><p>Steffe et al. (Eds.), Theories of mathematical learning, 335-350. Lawrence</p><p>Erlbaum Associates.</p><p>Erni Sofinah Matzin, & Mundia, L. (2018). Effective learning of mathematics by Year</p><p>7 students using the bar model method: Case of Brunei students. Journal of</p><p>Studies in Education, 8(1), 1.</p><p>Erni Tanius, Koomashri Arasu, Mohd. Gafarsyah Mohd Idrakisyah, Vinnarasi</p><p>Uluganathan, Saibah Siregar, Che Manisah Mohd. Kasim, & Sharifah Zuraidah</p><p>Syed Abdul Jalil (2018). The relationship between influence factors (perception,</p><p>knowledge, interest) and mathematics performance of primary students in a</p><p>national school in Malaysia. International Journal of Innovative Research in</p><p>Engineering & Multidisciplinary Physical Sciences, 6(6), 36-42.</p><p>Ernie C. Avila. (2020). The use of frayer model as graphic organizer in science: its</p><p>effects on the academic performance of college students. Palarchs Journal Of</p><p>Archaeology Of Egypt/Egyptology, 17(6), 2578-2586.</p><p>Ertmer, P. A., & Newby, T. J. (1993). Behaviorisme, cognitivism, contructivisme:</p><p>Comparing critical features from and instructional design perspective.</p><p>Performance Improvement Quarterly, 6(4), 50-72.</p><p>Esra Baysal & Serife Sevinc. (2022). The role of the Singapore bar model in reducing</p><p>students errors on algebra word problems. International Journal of</p><p>Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 53(2), 289-</p><p>310. https://doi:10.1080/0020739X.2021.1944683.</p><p>Eugenia, K. (2015). The bar model as a visual aid for developing</p><p>complementary / variation problems. CERME 9 - Ninth Congress of the</p><p>European Society for Research in Mathematics Education, Charles University</p><p>in Prague, Faculty of Education; ERME, 9, 19401946.</p><p>Farah Aziana Abdul Aziz, & Fadzilah Abd Rahman. (2018). Sorotan kajian kesediaan</p><p>dan keperluan guru Bahasa Melayu dalam pelaksanaan kemahiran berfikir aras</p><p>tinggi (KBAT) di bilik darjah. PENDETA Journal of Malay Language,</p><p>Education and Literature, 9, 80-101.</p><p>Fatimah Ibda. (2015). Perkembangan kognitif: Teori Jean Piaget. Intelektualita, 3(1),</p><p>27-38.</p><p>Fazzlijan Mohamad Ali Khan. (2014). Pembangunan dan keberkesanan perisian</p><p>multimedia interaktif dengan tiga strategi berbeza dalam pembelajaran</p><p>respirasi sel. Universiti Sains Malaysia.</p><p>Field, A. (2017). Discovering statistic using IBM SPSS Statistics (5th ed.). Sage</p><p>Publications.</p><p>Fink, G. A. (2014). Markov models for pattern recognition: from theory to</p><p>applications. Springer Science & Bussiness Media.</p><p>Florengel Anak Christopher Jerry, & Khairul Azhar Jamaludin. (2021). Pelaksanaan</p><p>pembelajaran berasaskan inkuiri kritis dalam mata pelajaran matematik. Jurnal</p><p>Dunia Pendidikan, 3(2), 386-400.</p><p>Fox, R. (2001) Constructivism examined. Oxford Review of Education, 27(1), 23-</p><p>35.</p><p>Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2019). How to design and evaluate</p><p>research in education (10th ed.). Mc Graw HIll.</p><p>Fuqoha, A. A. N., Budiyono, B., & Indriati, D. (2018). Motivation in mathematics</p><p>learning. Pancaran Pendidikan, 7(1).</p><p>Gagne, R. (1985). The conditions of learning (4th ed.). Holt, Rinehart & Winston.</p><p>Gagne, R. M., Briggs, L. J., & Wager, W. W. (1992). Principles of instructional</p><p>design (4th ed.). Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.</p><p>Galarosa, K. J. D., & Tan, D. A. (2022). Students academic performance and</p><p>motivation in Physics using Microlearning via Cybergogy Learning</p><p>Environment. Sci. Int.(Lahore), 34(2),157-170.</p><p>Geisler, S., Rach, S., & Rolka, K. (2023). The relation between attitudes towards</p><p>mathematics and dropout from university mathematics - the mediating role of</p><p>satisfaction and achievement. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 112, 359</p><p>381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-022-10198-6.</p><p>George, B. & Maria, B. (2007). Fuzzy logic for business, finance and management.</p><p>World Scientific.</p><p>George, D., & Mallery, P. (2010). SPSS for Windows step by step: a simple guide and</p><p>reference, 17.0 update (10th ed.). Pearson.</p><p>Gerholm, V. (2016). Mathematically talented teenagers motivation and</p><p>experience of developmental activities. [Licentiate thesis. Reports in The</p><p>Didactics of Mathematics and Science Subjects 8]. Stockholms University.</p><p>Ghazali Darusalam, & Sufean Hussin. (2016). Metodologi penyelidikan dalam</p><p>pendidikan (Edisi kedua). Penerbit UM.</p><p>Gilligan, R. (2007). Adversity, resilience and the educational progress of young</p><p>people in public care. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 12, 135-145.</p><p>http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13632750701315631.</p><p>Gojak, L. M. (2013). Motivation matters!. National Council of Teachers of</p><p>Mathematics. https://www.nctm.org/News-and-Calendar/Messages-from-the-</p><p>President/Archive/Linda-M_-Gojak/Motivation-Matters!/.</p><p>Golman, R., Hagmann, D., & Miller J. H. (2015). Polya's bees: A model of</p><p>decentralized decision-making. Sci Adv., 1(8).</p><p>https://doi:10.1126/sciadv.1500253.</p><p>Gopal, K., Nur Raidah Salim, & Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Ayub. (2020). Study on</p><p>mathematics self-efficacy and anxiety among malaysian upper secondary</p><p>students using fuzzy conjoint analysis. Malaysian Journal of Mathematical</p><p>Sciences, 14, 6379.</p><p>Griffin, L. (2015). How do we improve elementary math education? it starts in high</p><p>school. The Source. Advanced, Spring. http://www.advanc-ed.org/source/how-</p><p>do-we-improve-elementary-math-education-it-starts-high-school.</p><p>Haavold, P.., & Sriraman, B. (2022). Creativity in problem solving: integrating two</p><p>different views of insight. ZDM Mathematics Education, 54, 8396.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-021-01304-8.</p><p>Haciomeroglu, G. (2017). Reciprocal relationships between mathematics anxiety and</p><p>attitude towards mathematics in elementary students. Acta Didactica</p><p>Napocensia, 10(3), 59-68.</p><p>Hackman, D. G. (2004). Constructivism and block scheduling: Making the</p><p>connection. Phi Delta Kappan, 85(9), 697-702.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1177/003172170408500911.</p><p>Hair, J. F, Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Black, W. C, (2018). Multivariate data</p><p>analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning EMEA.</p><p>Hakan Tuna, & Melek Basdal. (2021). Curriculum evaluation of tourism</p><p>undergraduate programs in Turkey: A CIPP model based-framework. Journal of</p><p>Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 29.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2021.100324.</p><p>Haladyna, T. M. (1997). Writing tests items to evaluate higher-order thinking. Allyn</p><p>& Bacon.</p><p>Halmos, P. R. (1994). What is teaching? The American Mathematical Monthly,</p><p>101(9), 848854.</p><p>Halstead, J. M., & Taylor, M. J. (2000). Learning and teaching about values: A review</p><p>of recent research. Cambridge Journal of Education, 30(2), 169202.</p><p>Hannula, M. S. (2006). Motivation in mathematics: Goals reflected in emotions.</p><p>Educational Studies in Mathematics, 63, 165178. https://doi: 10.1007/s10649-</p><p>005-9019-8.</p><p>Hardi Tambunan (2019). The effectiveness of the problem solving strategy and the</p><p>scientific approach to students mathematical capabilities in high order thinking</p><p>skills. International Electronic Journal Of Mathematics Education, 14(2), 293-</p><p>302. e-ISSN: 1306-3030.</p><p>Hareesol Khun-Inkeeree, Mohd Sofian Omar-Fauzee, & Mohamad Khairi Haji</p><p>Othman (2016). The mathematics performance of primary school students in</p><p>Southern Thailand. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive</p><p>Education and Development, 5(3), 4252.</p><p>Harris, M. M. (2019). Why We Teach Mathematics to Every Student: Determining</p><p>Impact of Mathematics on Problem Solving and Logical Reasoning Skills".</p><p>Honors Research Projects. 605. The University of Akron.</p><p>Hee, N. K., & Siti Mistima Maat. (2022). Keberkesanan kaedah melukis petak dalam</p><p>meningkatkan pencapaian topik pertambahan pecahan mudah murid Tahun</p><p>Empat, Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 7(1),</p><p>184 - 191.</p><p>Heinich, R., Molenda, M., Russell, J. D., & Samldino, S. E. (1999). Instructional</p><p>media and technologiesn for learning. Prentice Hall.</p><p>Helmer, O. (1968) Analysis of the future: the delphi method, technological forecasting</p><p>for industry and governmentmethods and applications. Prentice-Hall.</p><p>Hendriana, H., Johanto, T., & Sumarmo, U. (2018). The role of problem-based</p><p>learning to improve students mathematical problem-solving ability and self</p><p>confidence. Journal on Mathematics Education, 9(2), 291300.</p><p>https://files.eric.ed.gov.</p><p>Heong, Y. M., Raasini Ponudurai, Andika Bagus Nur Rahma Putra, Mimi Mohaffyza</p><p>Mohamad, Kiong, T. T., & Nurul Wahida Azid. (2021). The Level of</p><p>Cybergogy Readiness Among Technical Students. 2021 International Research</p><p>Symposium On Advanced Engineering And Vocational Education (IRSAEVE),</p><p>Malang, Indonesia, pp. 39-44. https://doi.org/10.1109/IRSAEVE52613.2021.96</p><p>04015.</p><p>Herges, R., M., Duffield, S., Martin. W., & Wageman, J., (2017). Motivation and</p><p>achievement of middle school mathematics students. The Mathematics</p><p>Educator, 26(1), 83106.</p><p>Hew, K. F., Jia, C., Gonda, D. E., & Bai, S. (2020). Transitioning to the new normal</p><p>of learning in unpredictable times: pedagogical practices and learning</p><p>performance in fully online flipped classrooms. Int J Educ Technol High</p><p>Educ, 17, 57. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-020-00234-x.</p><p>Hiebert, J. (2003). Learning to learn to teach: An experiment model for teaching</p><p>and teacher preparation in mathematics. Journal of Mathematics Teacher</p><p>Education, 6, 201-222.</p><p>Hobri, Suharto, & Ahmad Rifqi Naja. (2018). Analysis of students creative thinking</p><p>level in problem solving based on national council of teachers of mathematics.</p><p>J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 1008, 1-8.</p><p>Hsu, C., & Sandford, B. (2007) The delphi technique: making sense of consensus.</p><p>Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 12, 1-8.</p><p>Hue, W. (2010). Making math lessons as easy as 1, pause, 2, pause.... The New York</p><p>Times. http://www.nytimes.com/ 2010/10/01/ education /01math.html?_r=0.</p><p>Husaini Kasran, Che Radiah Mezah, & Nik Farhan Mustapha. (2005). Analisis</p><p>keperluan pembelajaran Bahasa Arab dalam kalangan warga emas. E-journal of</p><p>Arabic Studies & Islamic Civilization, 2, 101-115.</p><p>Hussein Ahmad. (2012). Mission of public education in malaysia: the challenge of</p><p>transformation. University of Malaya Press.</p><p>Ihdi Amin, & Scolastika Mariani. (2017). PME learning model : the conceptual</p><p>theoretical study of metacognition learning in mathematics problem solving</p><p>based on constructivism. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics</p><p>Education, 12(3), 333-352.</p><p>Imhof, M., & Hilbert, T. S. (2013). The role of motivation, cognition, and</p><p>conscientiousness for academic achievement. International Journal of Higher</p><p>Education, 2(3), 69-80.</p><p>Institut Aminuddin Baki (IAB). (2017). Panduan pelaksanaan pendidikan abad ke-</p><p>21. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p>Ismail Keskin, & Taha Yazar. (2020). Evaluation of the curriculum of high school</p><p>mathematics according to CIPP Model. Bulletin of Education and Research,</p><p>42(3), 183-214.</p><p>Isman, A. (2011). Instructional design in education: New model. The Turkish Online</p><p>Journal of Educational Technology, 10(1).</p><p>Jackson, S. L. (2016). Research method and statistics: a critical thinking approach</p><p>(5th ed.). Cengage Learning.</p><p>Jailani Md. Yunos, Tee, T. K., & Yee, M. H. (2010). The level of higher order</p><p>thinking skills for technical subject in Malaysia. Proceedings of the 1st UPI</p><p>International Conference on Technical and Vocational Education and Training.</p><p>Bandung, Indonesia.</p><p>Jeffrey, I. (2018). Motivating students in our math classrooms: an example of theory</p><p>to practice. Gazette - Ontario Association for Mathematics; Caledon, 57(1), 45-</p><p>48.</p><p>Jemaah Nazir dan Jaminan Kualiti. (2017). Standard kualiti pendidikan malaysia</p><p>gelombang 2. Jemaah Nazir dan Jaminan Kualiti KPM.</p><p>Jiang, H. C., & Liu, Y. (2021). Construction of teaching quality evaluation system of</p><p>higher vocational project-based curriculum based on CIPP Model. International</p><p>Journal of Information and Education Technology, 11(6), 262-268.</p><p>Jitendra, A. K., Griffin, C. C., Deatline-Buchman, A., & Sczesniak, E. (2007)</p><p>Mathematical word problem solving in third-grade classrooms. The Journal of</p><p>Educational Research, 100(5), 283302.</p><p>Johanson, G. A., & Brooks, G. P. (2010). Initial scale development: sample size for</p><p>pilot studies. Educational And Psychological Measurement, 70(3), 394-400.</p><p>John, H. & Barry, G. (2007). Singapore Math: Using the bar model approach,</p><p>Singapore textbooks enable students to solve difficult math problems and learn</p><p>how to think symbolically. Educational Leadership, 65, 3821.</p><p>Jones, B. D. (2009). Motivating students to engage in learning:</p><p>The MUSIC Model of Academic Motivation. International Journal of Teaching</p><p>and Learning in Higher Education, 21(2), 272-285.</p><p>Jones, B. D. (2018). Motivating students by design : Practical strategies for</p><p>professors. (2nd ed.). CreateSpace.</p><p>Jones, B. D. (2020). User guide for assessing the components of the MUSIC model</p><p>of academic motivation.</p><p>Jones, B. D., & Sigmon, M. L. (2016). Validation evidence for the elementary school</p><p>version of the MUSIC model of academic motivation inventory. Electronic</p><p>Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 14(1), 155-173.</p><p>Jonsson, B., Norqvist, M., Liljekvist, Y., & Lithner, J. (2014). Learning mathematics</p><p>through algorithmic and creative reasoning. Journal of Mathematical Behavior,</p><p>36, 2032.</p><p>Joseph, G. (2013). A study on school factors affecting students attitudes towards</p><p>learning mathematics in the Community Secondary Schools in Tanzania, The</p><p>Case of Bukoba Municipal Council in Kagera Region. [Masters thesis]. The</p><p>Open University of Tanzania.</p><p>Julian, P. K. (2017). The effects of a project-based course on students attitudes</p><p>toward mathematics and students achievement at a Two-year College. The</p><p>Mathematics Enthusiast, 14 (1), 509-516.</p><p>Kamus Dewan Edisi Keempat (2014). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.</p><p>Kamus Pelajar Edisi Lanjutan Cambridge (2013). Cambridge University Press.</p><p>Kamus Pelajar Edisi Lanjutan Oxford (Edisi Kesembilan). (2015). Oxford University</p><p>Press.</p><p>Kandemir, I., & Cicek, K. (2023). Development an instructional design model</p><p>selection approach for maritime education and training using fuzzy axiomatic</p><p>design. Education Information Technology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-</p><p>11623-w.</p><p>Karaman, P., Demirci, I., & Ozdemir, A. (2019). Modeling the relationship between</p><p>motivation, learning approach, and academic achievement of middle school</p><p>students in Turkey. International Journal of Progressive Education, 15 (4), 187-</p><p>199.</p><p>Karjanto, N. (2017). Attitude toward mathematics among the students at Nazarbayev</p><p>University Foundation Year Programme. International Journal Of</p><p>Mathematical Education In Science And Technology, 48(6), 849863.</p><p>Kauchak, D., & Eggen, P. (2012). Learning and teaching: research based methods</p><p>(6th ed.). Pearson.</p><p>Kaufmann, A., & Gupta, M.M. (1988). Fuzzy mathematical models in engineering</p><p>and management science. Elsevier Science Publishers.</p><p>Kazi, S., & Galanaki, E. (2020). Piagetian theory of cognitive development. In S.</p><p>Hupp & J. D. Jewell, Chief (Eds.), The Encyclopedia of Child and Adolescent</p><p>Development (pp. 1-11). Wiley. https://doi: 10.1002/9781119171492.wecad364.</p><p>Keller, J. M. (2016). Motivation, learning, and technology: Applying the ARCS-V</p><p>motivation model. Participatory Educational Research, 3(2), 1-13.</p><p>Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (KPM). (1994). Buku penerangan Kurikulum</p><p>Bersepadu Sekolah Rendah. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p>Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia (KPM). (2012). Laporan awal Pelan Pembangunan</p><p>Pendidikan Malaysia 2013-2025. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p>Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (KPM). (2013a). Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan</p><p>Malaysia 2013-2025 (Pendidikan prasekolah hingga lepas menengah).</p><p>Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p>Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (KPM). (2013b). Program kemahiran berfikir aras</p><p>tinggi: Konsep KBAT. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p>Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2014). Buku dasar elemen kemahiran berfikir</p><p>aras tinggi (pedagogi). Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum.</p><p>Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia (KPM). (2016a). Laporan TIMSS 2015. Bahagian</p><p>Perancangan dan Penyelidikan Dasar Pendidikan, Kementerian Pendidikan</p><p>Malaysia.</p><p>Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia (KPM). (2016b). PISA 2015. Bahagian Perancangan</p><p>dan Penyelidikan Dasar Pendidikan, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p>Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (KPM). (2017). Pelaporan Pentaksiran Sekolah</p><p>Rendah 2017. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p>Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (KPM). (2018a). Pelaporan Pentaksiran Sekolah</p><p>Rendah 2018. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p>Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (KPM). (2018b). Kad pelaporan pencapaian</p><p>Malaysia dalam PISA 2018. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p>Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (KPM). (2019). Pelaporan Pentaksiran Sekolah</p><p>Rendah 2019. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p>Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia (KPM). (2020). Laporan kebangsaan TIMSS 2019.</p><p>Bahagian Perancangan dan Penyelidikan Dasar Pendidikan, Kementerian</p><p>Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p>Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia (KPM). (2022). Pencapaian Malaysia dalam PISA</p><p>2022. Bahagian Perancangan dan Penyelidikan Dasar Pendidikan, Kementerian</p><p>Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p>Kemp, J. E. (1985). The instructional design process. Haper and Row.</p><p>Kerlinger, F. N. (1986). Foundations of behavioral research. Holt, Rinehart and</p><p>Wiston.</p><p>Khairulazuad Husain, Norhayati Ahmat, Norain Mohd Tajudin, & Yerizon Yerizon</p><p>(2021). Pembangunan modul pembelajaran kendiri pengamiran (InSeL) bagi</p><p>pelajar matrikulasi. Journal of Science and Mathematics Letters, 9, 8090.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.37134/jsml.vol9.sp.10.2021.</p><p>Khairulazuad Husain. (2020). Kebimbangan matematik dengan pencapaian</p><p>matematik dan faktor demografi dalam kalangan pelajar matrikulasi. Jurnal</p><p>Dedikasi, 14, 89-121.</p><p>Khairul Hasni Abdul Kadir, Norazah Mohd Nordin, & Zanaton Iksan. (2015). Reka</p><p>bentuk dan pembangunan modul sains (eSmart) berasaskan pendekatan</p><p>konstruktivisme 5E dan analogi: Satu alternatif strategi pengajaran bagi</p><p>menerapkan kemahiran berfikir kreatif. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.</p><p>Khaliza Abdul Wahid, & Niorazrena Abu Samah. (2019). Pembelajaran teradun</p><p>berbantukan streaming video bagi meningkatkan pencapaian, minat dan persepsi</p><p>pelajar dalam pembelajaran topik Ruang. Innovative Teaching and Learning</p><p>Journal (ITLJ), 3(2), 61-79.</p><p>Khiat, H. (2010). A grounded theory approach: Conceptions of understanding in</p><p>engineering mathematics learning. The Qualitative Report, 15(6), 1459-1488.</p><p>Kilpatrick, J. (2001). Understanding mathematical literacy: the contribution of</p><p>research. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 47, 101-116.</p><p>Kilpatrick, J., Swafford, J., & Findell, B. (2001). Adding it up: Helping children</p><p>learn mathematics. National Research Council.</p><p>Kim, C., Park, S. W., & Cozart, J. (2014). Affective and motivational factors of</p><p>learning in online mathematics courses. British Journal of Educational</p><p>Technology, 45(1), 171- 185. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8535.2012.01382.x.</p><p>King, F., Goodson, L., & Rohani, F. (2011). Higher order thinking skills: Definitions,</p><p>strategies, assessment. Center for Advancement of Learning and Assessment</p><p>Florida State University.</p><p>Knake, L. (2011). Saginaw township elementary schools implement hands-on</p><p>Singapore math program. MLive Grand Rapids, MI.</p><p>http://www.mlive.com/news/saginaw/index.ssf/2011/12/saginaw_township_elementy_ sc.html.</p><p>Krahenbuhl, K. S. (2016). Student-centered education and constructivism: challenges,</p><p>concerns, and clarity for teachers. The Clearing House: A Journal of</p><p>Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 89(3), 97-105.</p><p>Krathwohl, D. R. (2002). A revision of Bloom's Taxonomy: An overview. Theory</p><p>Into Practice, 41(4), 212-218, https://doi: 10.1207/s15430421tip4104_2.</p><p>Kroll, Lambdin, D. & Miller, T. (1993). Insights from research on mathematical</p><p>problem solving in the middle grades. In D. T. Owens (Pnyt.). Research Ideas</p><p>for the Classroom: Middle Grades Mathematics (pp. 58-77). National Council</p><p>of Teachers of Mathematics.</p><p>Krongthong Khairiree, (2011). Enhancing students understanding in word problems</p><p>through bar model strategy. Internationnal College, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat</p><p>University.</p><p>Krulik, S., & Rudnick, J.A. (1993). Reasoning and problem solving a handboom for</p><p>elementary school teachers. Longwood Division.</p><p>Krulik, S., & Rudnick, J.A. (1996). The new sourcebook for teaching reasoning and</p><p>problem solving in junior and senior high schools. Allyn and Bacon.</p><p>Kumuthavalli Subramaniam, & Muhammad Sofwan Mahmud. (2022). Keberkesanan</p><p>teknik visualisasi bagi meningkatkan kemahiran penyelesaian masalah berayat</p><p>matematik murid Tahun Tiga. Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan, 4(4), 249-259.</p><p>Kupari, P., & Nissinen, K. (2013). Background factors behind mathematics</p><p>achievement in Finnish education context: Explanatory models based on TIMSS</p><p>1999 and TIMSS 2011 data. IEA CONFERENCE, Proceedings.</p><p>https://www.iea.nl/fileadmin/user_upload/IRC/IRC_2013/Papers/IRC2013Kupari_Nissinen.pdf.</p><p>Kusaeri, K., Hamdani, A. S., & Suprananto, S. (2019). Student readiness and</p><p>challenge in completing higher order thinking skill test type for</p><p>mathematics. Infinity Journal, 8(1), 75-86.</p><p>https://doi:10.22460/infinity.v8i1.p75-86.</p><p>Larkin, K., & Jorgensen, R. (2016). I hate maths: Why do we need to do maths?</p><p>using ipad video diaries to investigate attitudes and emotions towards</p><p>mathematics in Year 3 and Year 6 students. International Journal of Science</p><p>and Mathematics Education, 14, 925944.</p><p>Lawnik, M., Krakowczyk, J., & Banasik, A. (2019). Fuzzy Delphi method with Z-</p><p>numbers. In: R. Damaeviius & G. Vasiljevien (eds). Information and</p><p>Software Technologies. ICIST 2019. Communications in Computer and</p><p>Information Science, 1078. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-</p><p>30275-7_3.</p><p>Lawsha Mohamed, & Hussain Waheed (2011). Secondary students attitude towards</p><p>mathematics in a selected school of Maldives. International Journal of</p><p>humanities and social science, 1(15), 277-281.</p><p>Lay, Y. F., & Khoo, C. H. (2019). Pengenalan kepada pendekatan kuantitatif dalam</p><p>penyelidikan pendidikan (Cetakan Kelima). Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Sabah.</p><p>Lee, J., & Stankov, L. (2018). Non-cognitive predictors of academic achievement :</p><p>Evidence from TIMSS and PISA. Learning and Individual Differences, 65, 50</p><p>64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2018.05.009.</p><p>Lee, T. T., & Kamisah Osman (2013). Pembinaan dan keberkesanan modul</p><p>multimedia interaktif dengan agen pedagogi dalam pembelajaran elektrokimia.</p><p>In book: Trend Penyelidikan Pendidikan Sains. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan</p><p>Malaysia.</p><p>Leinwand. S. (2009). Accessible matehmatics: 10 instructional shifts that raise</p><p>student achievement. Heinemen.</p><p>Lembaga Peperiksaan Malaysia (LPM). (2016). Laporan Pencapaian Ujian</p><p>Pencapaian Sekolah Rendah (UPSR) 2016. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p>Lembaga Peperiksaan Malaysia (LPM). (2015). Laporan Pencapaian Ujian</p><p>Pencapaian Sekolah Rendah (UPSR) 2015. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p>Lembaga Peperiksaan Malaysia (LPM). (2014). Laporan Pencapaian Ujian</p><p>Pencapaian Sekolah Rendah (UPSR) 2014. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p>Lerman, S. (1996). Intersubjectivity in mathematics learning: A challenge to the</p><p>radical constructivist paradigm?, Journal for Research in Mathematics</p><p>Education, 27(2), 133-150.</p><p>Lesh, R.,Cramer, K., Doerr, H.M., Post, T., & Zawojewski, J.S. (2003). Model</p><p>development sequence. In R. Lesh, & H.M. Doerr (Eds.). Beyond</p><p>Contructivism: Models and Modeling Perspectives on Mathematics Problem</p><p>Solving, Learning and Teaching, 3-33. Lawrence Erlbaum.</p><p>Lesseig, K., Casey, S., Monson, D., Krupa, E. E., & Huey, M. (2016). Developing</p><p>an interview module to support secondary noticing of student thinking.</p><p>Mathematics Teacher Educator, 5(1), 29-46.</p><p>Liljedahl, P., Santos-Trigo, M., Malaspina, U., & Bruder, R. (2016). Problem Solving</p><p>in Mathematics Education. In: Problem Solving in Mathematics Education.</p><p>ICME-13 Topical Surveys. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-</p><p>40730-2_1.</p><p>Lim, Y. W. (2023). A deeper understanding of Form 1 students' errors in solving</p><p>fractions problems in mathematics. Journal of Science and Mathematics</p><p>Education in Southeast Asia, 45, 49-76. ISSN 2636-9230.</p><p>Lim, S. Y., & Chapman, E. (2013). Development of a short form of the attitudes</p><p>towards mathematics inventory. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 82(1),</p><p>160.</p><p>Lisamini Selva Raja, Shahlan Surat, & Saemah Rahman. (2023). Hubungan antara</p><p>konsep kendiri dan motivasi dengan pencapaian matematik dalam kalangan</p><p>murid sekolah rendah. Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan, 5(1), 621-635. ISSN 2682-</p><p>826X.</p><p>Logeswari Kanagah Rajah, & Mohd Afifi Bahurudin Setambah. (2022). Kesan</p><p>penggunaan peta alir terhadap pencapaian matematik dan kemahiran berfikir</p><p>murid Tahun Tiga. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Dan Matematik Malaysia, 12(1),</p><p>101115.</p><p>Luh Made Sriyati, Nyoman Dantes, & I Made Candiasa (2014). Pengaruh model</p><p>pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD terhadap prestasi belajar matematika</p><p>ditinjau dari motivasi belajar siswa kelas XII IPA SMA Negeri 2 Semarapura.</p><p>Jurnal Penyelidikan dan Penilaian Pendidikan Indonesia, 4, 1-16.</p><p>Lynn, M. (1986) Determination and quantification of content validity index. Nursing</p><p>Research, 35, 382-386. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-198611000-00017.</p><p>Madani, N.A., Tengah, K. A., & Prahmana, R. C. I. (2018). Using bar model to solve</p><p>word problems on profit, loss and discount. IOP Conf. Series: Journal of</p><p>Physics: Conf. Series 1097, 1-9.</p><p>Maharani, S., Nusantara, T., Abdur Rahman Asari, & Abdul Qohar. (2019).</p><p>Analyticity and systematicity students of mathematics education on solving</p><p>non-routine problems. Mathematics and Statistics, 7(2), 50-55.</p><p>https://doi:10.13189/ms.2019.070204.</p><p>Mahoney, D. J. (2018). Lean learning using the ADDIE model. TD at Work.</p><p>Mahoney, K. (2012). Effects of Singapore's model method on elementary student</p><p>problem solving performance: single case research [Doctoral dissertation].</p><p>Northeastern University. http://hdl.handle.net/2047/d20002962.</p><p>Mailizar, Abdulsalam Almanthari, Suci Maulina, & Sandra Bruce. (2020). Secondary</p><p>school mathematics teachers' views on e-learning implementation barriers</p><p>during the Covid-19 pandemic: The case of Indonesia. Eurasia journal of</p><p>mathematics, science and technology education, 16(7).</p><p>https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/8240.</p><p>Maimunah Abdul Gani, Khairul Amilin Tengah & Hardimah Said. (2019). Bar model</p><p>as intervention in solving word problem involving percentage. International</p><p>Journal on Emerging Mathematics Education, 3(1), 69-76.</p><p>Mainali, B. (2021). Representation in teaching and learning mathematics.</p><p>International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science, and Technology</p><p>(IJEMST), 9(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijemst.1111.</p><p>Marin K.A. (2015). Modeling whole number operations. Lesley University Summer</p><p>Institute.</p><p>Marohaini Mohd Yusoff. (2013). Penyelidikan kualitatif, pengalaman kerja lapangan</p><p>kajian. Penerbit Universiti Malaya.</p><p>Martin, L., West, J., & Bill, K. (2008). Incorporating problem-based learning</p><p>strategies to develop learner autonomy and employability skills in sports science</p><p>undergraduates. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sports and Tourism Education,</p><p>7 (1).</p><p>Martino, P. D., & Zan, R. (2011). Attitude towards mathematics: A bridge between</p><p>beliefs and emotions. ZDM, 43, 471482.</p><p>Masliza Siti Ramli, & Norain Mohd Tajudin. (2021). Analisis keperluan untuk</p><p>membangunkan modul pembelajaran berasaskan challenge dalam</p><p>mempelajari matematik bagi murid Tingkatan 4. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains &</p><p>Matematik Malaysia, 11 (Special Issue), 5058.</p><p>Masyithoh Md Zuber, & Hajar Sulaiman. (2019). Exploring the effectiveness of e-</p><p>learning in increasing students achievements in mathematics at the primary</p><p>school level. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2184(1).</p><p>Mata, M. D., Monteiro, V., & Peixoto, F. (2012). Attitudes towards mathematics:</p><p>Effects of individual, motivational, and social support factors. Child</p><p>development research. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/876028.</p><p>Matt Jarvis (2011). Teori-Teori Psikologi (Cet. X). Nusa Media.</p><p>Matthews, B., Lietz, P., & Darmawan, I. G. N. (2007). Values and learning</p><p>approaches of students at an international university. Soc Psychol Educ, 10,</p><p>247275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-007-9019-x.</p><p>Maxwell Aling, & Siti Mistima Maat. (2021). Tahap penerapan dan kefahaman</p><p>guru matematik terhadap kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi (KBAT) dalam PdP</p><p>matematik di sekolah rendah. Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan, 3(1), 331341.</p><p>Mazlini Adnan, Effandi Zakaria, & Siti Mistima Maat (2012). Relationship between</p><p>mathematics beliefs, conceptual knowledge and mathematical experience</p><p>among pre-service teachers. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46,</p><p>1714-1719.</p><p>McDonald, P., & Smith, J. (2019). Improving mathematical learning in Scotlands</p><p>curriculum for excellence through problem posing: An integrative review. The</p><p>Curriculum Journal, 31(3), 398- 435.</p><p>McKillip, J. (1987). Need analysis: Tools for the human service and education.</p><p>applied social research methods series, (Vol. 10). Sage Publications.</p><p>McLeod, S. A. (2019). Bruner - learning theory in education. Simply Psychology.</p><p>www.simplypsychology.org/bruner.html.</p><p>Mensah, J. K., Okyere M., & Kuranchie, A. (2013). Student attitude towards</p><p>Mathematics and performance: Does the teacher attitude matter? Journal of</p><p>Education and Practice, 4(3), 132-139.</p><p>Milda Rizky Novriania & Edy Surya. (2017). Analysis of student difficulties in</p><p>mathematics problem solving ability at MTs SWASTA IRA Medan.</p><p>International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research, 33(3), 63-75.</p><p>Miri, B., David, B., & Uri, Z. (2007). Purposely teaching for the promotion of higher</p><p>order thinking skills: A case of critical thinking. Research in Science Education,</p><p>37, 353369.</p><p>Moenikia, M. & Zahed-Babelan, A. (2010). A study of simple and multiple relations</p><p>between mathematics attitude, academic motivation and intelligence quotient</p><p>with mathematics achievement. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2,</p><p>15371542.</p><p>Mohammad Firros Rosool Gani. (2018). The effectiveness of high level thinking</p><p>skills students in mathematics through the methods of learning outside the</p><p>classroom. Journal of Advanced Research in Social and Behavioural Sciences,</p><p>10(1), 8090.</p><p>Mohamad Khairi Othman, Alis Puteh, Mohd. Zailani Mohd Yusoff, & Fauziah Abdul</p><p>Rahim. (2019). Keperluan penggunaan modul etika kerja guru dalam</p><p>meningkatkan penghayatan nilai pelajar. ISLMIYYT, 41(1), 49 57.</p><p>Mohamad M. Hammoudi (2020). Measurement of students mathematics motivation</p><p>and self-concept at institutions of higher education: Evidence of reliability</p><p>and validity. International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science</p><p>and Technology, 51(1), 6386.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1080/0020739X.2019.1670369.</p><p>Mohd Azarul Mohd Mokhtar, Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Ayub, Rozita Radhiah Said, & Siti</p><p>Salina Mustakim. (2019). Analysis of Year Four pupils difficulties in solving</p><p>mathematical problems involving fraction. International Journal of Academic</p><p>Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(11), 1561-1569.</p><p>Mohd Azahar Madar, & Mohd Syaubari Othman. (2022). Penilaian Kurikulum</p><p>Standard Prasekolahkebangsaan (Semakan 2017) Komponen Pendidikan Islam.</p><p>Jurnal Pendidkan Bitara UPSI, 15(2), 75-82. https://doi.org/10.37134/bitara.vol</p><p>15.2.7.2022.</p><p>Mohd. Majid Konting. (2005). Kaedah penyelidikan pendidikan (Edisi ke-7). Dewan</p><p>Bahasa dan Pustaka.</p><p>Mohd Ridhuan Mohd Jamil, & Nurul Rabihah Mat Noh. (2020). Kepelbagaian</p><p>Metodologi dalam Penyelidikan Reka Bentuk dan Pembangunan. Qaisar</p><p>Prestige Resources</p><p>Mohd Ridzuan Padzil, Aidah Abd Karim, & Hazrati Husnin. (2021). Employing DDR</p><p>to design and develop a flipped classroom and project based learning module to</p><p>applying design thinking in design and technology. International Journal of</p><p>Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 12(9), 791-798.</p><p>Mohd Sani Ismail, & Wan Roslini Mat Rasik (2019). Model pembinaan modul Sidek</p><p>di dalam modul intervensi pengurusan stres pelajar. International Journal of</p><p>Education, Psychology and Counseling, 4(26), 66-76. ISSN 0128-164X.</p><p>Mohd Zamri Abdullah, Iskandar Daud, Muhammad Ridzuan Idris, & Mohd Nazri</p><p>Abdul Rahman. (2019). Kesan pembelajaran flipped classroom terhadap sikap</p><p>bagi penyelesaian masalah bagi algebra. Jurnal kurikulum & Pengajaran Asia</p><p>Pasifik, 7(4), 1-10.</p><p>Moneva, D. J. C., & Valle, A. F. S. (2020). Difficulty in mathematics: Close</p><p>assistance and self-confidence. Journal of Studies in Education, 10(1), 117.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.5296/jse.v10i1.16460.</p><p>Morin, L. L., Watson, S. M. R., Hester, P., & Raver, S. (2017). The use of a bar</p><p>model drawing to teach word problem solving to students with mathematics</p><p>difficulties. Learning Disability Quarterly, 40(2), 91104.</p><p>Morrison, G., Ross, D., & Kemp, J. (2007). Designing effective instruction (5th ed.).</p><p>Wiley.</p><p>Morrison, G., Ross, S., Kalman, H. K., & Kemp, J. (2011). Designing effective</p><p>instruction. Wiley.</p><p>Muenks, K., Wigfield, A., & Eccles, J. S. (2018). I can do this! The development and</p><p>calibration of childrens expectations for success and competence beliefs.</p><p>Developmental Review.</p><p>Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff. (2019). ABC of content validation and content</p><p>validity index calculation. Education in Medicine Journal, 11(2), 4954.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.21315/eimj2019.11.2.6.</p><p>Muhammad Sabiq Mohd Noor & Megat Aman Zahiri Megat Zakaria. (2018).</p><p>Motivation, attitude and performance review among primary pupils through</p><p>virtual learning environment. Sains Humanika, 3(2), 713.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.11113/sh.v10n3-2.1482.</p><p>Muhammad Sofwan Mahmud, Aida Suraya Md. Yunus, Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Ayub, &</p><p>Tajularipin Sulaiman. (2020). Enhancing mathematical language through oral</p><p>questioning in primary schools. International Journal of Learning, Teaching</p><p>and Educational Research, 19(5), 395410.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.26803/IJLTER.19.5.24.</p><p>Muhammad Syahrul Kahar, & Muhamad Ruslan Layn. (2017). Analisis kesalahan</p><p>siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita matematika. Jurnal Math Educator</p><p>Nusantara, 3(2), 95102. https://doi.org/10.29407/ jmen.v3i2.855.</p><p>Muhammad Talhah Ajmain @ Jimaain, & Ahmad Marzuki Mohamad. (2020).</p><p>Konsep kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi (KBAT) menurut Ibnu Khaldun dalam</p><p>konteks pengajaran dan pemudahcaraan (PdPc). Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan, 2(2),</p><p>146-157.</p><p>Mulenga, E. M., & Marbn, J. M. (2020). Is COVID-19 the gateway for digital</p><p>learning in mathematics education? Contemporary Educational Technology,</p><p>12(2), 269.</p><p>Mullins, B., Jones, B. D., & LaCroix, T. J. (2020). Designing for and assessing</p><p>students motivation in mathematics classes. Illinois Mathematics Teacher. 1-7.</p><p>Murayama, K., Pekrun, R., Lichtenfeld, S., & Hofe R. V. (2013). Predicting long-term</p><p>growth in students mathematics achivement: the unique contributions of</p><p>motivation and cognitive strategies. Child Development, 84, 1475-1490.</p><p>Murray, J. W., & Hammons, J. O. (1995). Delphi: A versatile methodology for</p><p>conducting qualitative research. Review of Higher Education, 18(4), 23-26.</p><p>Murray, T., Pipino, L., & Vangigch, J. (1985). A pilot study of fuzzy set modification</p><p>of delphi. Human System Management, 5(1), 6 - 80.</p><p>Mushlihah Rohmah, & Sugeng Sutiarso. (2018). Analysis problem solving in</p><p>mathematical using theory Newman. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics,</p><p>Science and Technology Education, 14(2), 671- 681.</p><p>Mustafa Zeki Aydogdu, & Cenk Kean (2014). A research on geometry problem</p><p>solving strategies used by elementary mathematics teacher candidates. Journal</p><p>of Educational and Instructional Studies in The World, 4(1), 53-62.</p><p>Myers, A., & Hansen, C. H. (2011). Experimental psychology. (7th ed.). Cengage</p><p>Learning.</p><p>Najua Syuhada Ahmad Alhassora, Mohd Salleh Abu, & Abdul Halim Abdullah.</p><p>(2017). Inculcating higher-order thinking skills in mathematics: why is it so</p><p>hard. Man In India, 97(13), 51-62.</p><p>National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM). (1989). Curriculum and</p><p>evaluation standards for school mathematics. NCTM.</p><p>National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) (2000). Principles and</p><p>Standards for School Mathematics. NCTM.</p><p>Nava Nourdad, Sanam Masoudi, & Parisa Rahimali. (2018). The effect of higher</p><p>order thinking skill instruction on EFL reading ability. International Journal of</p><p>Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 7(3), 231-237.</p><p>Nesher, P. (2020). Solving multiplication word problems. In Analysis of arithmetic for</p><p>mathematics teaching, 189-219. Routledge.</p><p>Ng, B. S., & Siti Mistima Maat. (2020). Strategi dan kaedah penyelesaian masalah</p><p>matematik melalui Model Polya: Satu tinjauan sistematik. Jurnal Dunia</p><p>Pendidikan, 2(2), 123-131.</p><p>Ng, S. F., & Lee, K. (2009). The model method: Singapore childrens tool for</p><p>representing and solving algebraic word problems. Journal for Research in</p><p>Mathematics Education, 40(3), 282-313.</p><p>Ngussa, B. M., & Mbuti, E. E. (2017). The influence of humour on learners attitude</p><p>and mathematics achievement: a case of secondary schools in Arusha City,</p><p>Tanzania. Journal of Educational Research, 2(3), 170-181.</p><p>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315776039.</p><p>Nik Azis Nik Pa. (2009). Nilai dan Etika Dalam Pendidikan Matematik. Penerbit</p><p>Universiti Malaya.</p><p>Nik Nur Fadhlillah Abd Razak, Azurah Mohd Johar, Desi Andriani, & Yee, C.Y.</p><p>(2014). Keupayaan penyelesaian masalah matematik dalam kalangan pelajar</p><p>Tingkatan 2. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematik, 2(2), 1-13.</p><p>Ningrum, Y., Kusmayadi, T. A., & Fitriana, L. (2019). Analysis problem solving</p><p>about contextual problem of algebraic in junior high school. In Journal of</p><p>Physics: Conference Series, 1211(1), 1-8.</p><p>Njoroge, M., (2014). Causes of poor mathematics performance in Thika County.</p><p>International Journal of Education and Practice, 5(35).</p><p>Noor Erma Abu, & Leong, K. E. (2014). Hubungan antara sikap, minat, pengajaran</p><p>guru dan pengaruh rakan sebaya terhadap pencapaian matematik tambahan</p><p>Tingkatan 4. Jurnal Kurikulum & Pengajaran Asia Pasifik , 2(1), 1-10.</p><p>Noor Qomaria Agustina, & Fanni Mukhtaruddin. (2019). The CIPP model-based</p><p>evaluation on integrated english learning (IEL) program at language center.</p><p>English Language Teaching Educational Journal, 2(1), 22-31.</p><p>Noor Shah Saad, & Sazelli Abdul Ghani. (2010). Teaching mathematics in secondary</p><p>school: theories and practices (Cetakan ke-2). Universiti Pendidikan Sultan</p><p>Idris.</p><p>Noor Suhaily Misrom, Muhammad Sani Abdurrahman, Abdul Halim Abdullah,</p><p>Sharifah Osman, Mohd Hilmi Hamzah, & Ahmad Fauzan. (2020). Enhancing</p><p>students higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) through an inductive reasoning</p><p>strategy using Geogebra. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in</p><p>Learning (iJET), 15(3), 156.</p><p>Nooriza Kassim, & Effandi Zakaria. (2015). Integrasi kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi</p><p>dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran matematik: Analisis keperluan guru. Jurnal</p><p>Pendidikan Matematik, 3(1), 112.</p><p>Nor Adibah Abdullah. (2020). Kompetensi penyelesaian masalah dan pengetahuan</p><p>konseptual guru matematik sekolah menengah. Jurnal Kurikulum & Pengajaran</p><p>Asia Pasifik, 8(3), 1-14.</p><p>Nor Ezah Ariffin, & Nurulwahida Hj. Azid @ Aziz. (2016). Persepsi murid Tahun</p><p>Lima terhadap penggunaan kaedah model bar dalam penyelesaian masalah</p><p>matematik berayat tajuk pecahan. Proceeding of ICECRS, 1, 287-304.</p><p>Nor Hidayah Ahmad Damanhuri, Suhaida Jamlus, & Siti Syahida Ahmad. (2020).</p><p>Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pencapaian subjek matematik pengurusan</p><p>bagi pelajar sijil pengoperasian perniagaan di Kolej Komuniti Hulu Langat.</p><p>International Journal of Education and Pedagogy (IJEAP), 2(4), 275287.</p><p>Norain Mohd. Tajudin, Marzita Puteh, Mazlini Adnan, Mohd Faizal Nizam Lee</p><p>Abdullah, & Amalina Ibrahim. (2015). Persepsi dan amalan pengajaran guru</p><p>matematik dalam penyelesaian masalah algebra. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains &</p><p>Matematik Malaysia, 5(2), 12-22.</p><p>Norain Mohd Tajudin, Nur Ashikin Suhaimi, Mazlini Adnan, & Marzita Puteh</p><p>(2021). Promoting transformative mathematical learning through heutagogy,</p><p>paragogy and cybergogy approaches. PalArch's Journal of Archaeology of</p><p>Egypt/ Egyptology, 17, 481-497.</p><p>Noraini Idris (2006). Teaching and learning of mathematics make sense and</p><p>developing cognitive abilities. (1st ed.). Utusan Publications & Distributors Sdn</p><p>Bhd.</p><p>Norazlin Mohd Rusdin, Siti Rahaimah Ali, & Md. Nasir Masran. (2018). Primary</p><p>school pupils perception on mathematics in context of 21st century learning</p><p>activities and skills. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities</p><p>Research, 239, 148-153.</p><p>Norfariana Rahim, & Lee, T. T. (2021). Pembangunan Modul e-pembelajaran asid bes</p><p>(e-PAB) menggunakan google classroom. Journal of Science and Mathematics</p><p>Letters, 9(1), 110. https://doi.org/10.37134/jsml.vol9.1.1.2021.</p><p>Norhaqikah Mohamad Khalil, & Kamisah Osman. (2017). STEM-21Cs module:</p><p>Fostering 21st century skills through integrated STEM. K-12 STEM Education,</p><p>3(3), 225-233.</p><p>Nor Hayati Mt Ali (2019). Pendidikan abad ke-21: Amalan penggunaan ICT dalam</p><p>pedagogi matematik. Prosiding Seminar Darulaman Peringkat Kebangsaan.</p><p>Norlidah Alias, Saedah Siraj, Dorothy DeWitt, Mohammad Attaran, & Abu Bakar</p><p>Nordin. (2013). Evaluation on the usability of physics module in a secondary</p><p>school in malaysia: students' retrospective. Malaysian Online Journal of</p><p>Educational Technology, 1(1), 44-53.</p><p>Norulbiah Ngah, & Effandi Zakaria. (2016). Keupayaan pelajar dalam menjana</p><p>masalah, menyelesaikan masalah matematik dan sikap pelajar terhadap</p><p>penyelesaian masalah. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematik, 4(1), 1-16.</p><p>Norusis, M.J. (1977). SPSS professional statistics 7.5. North Michigan Avenue.</p><p>Norziah Othman, Effandi Zakaria, & Zanaton Hj Iksan. (2015). Bab 4: Nilai dalam</p><p>pembelajaran matematik. Dalam Effandi Zakaria, Roslinda Rosli & Siti Mistima</p><p>Maat (Eds). Isu dan Cabaran Dalam Pendidikan Matematik, 53-73. Awal</p><p>Hijrah Enterprise.</p><p>Nur Afiqah Zakaria, & Fariza Khalid. (2016). The benefits and constraints of the use</p><p>of information and communication technology (ICT) in teaching Mathematics.</p><p>Creative Education, 7, 1537-1544. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2016.711158.</p><p>Nur Aqilah Rozali, & Noor Dayana Abd Halim (2019). Kesan Pembelajaran</p><p>berasaskan inkuiri dengan integrasi video terhadap pencapaian pelajar dalam</p><p>pembelajaran matematik. Innovative Teaching and Learning Journal, 3(2), 42</p><p>60.</p><p>Nur Haida Zafirah Shamsudin, & Shahlan Surat. (2023). Kesan penggunaan modul</p><p>pintar darab terhadap tahap motivasi dan pencapaian murid SRITI. Jurnal</p><p>Dunia Pendidikan, 5(1), 678-692.</p><p>Nur Izati Rozman, & Nurfirdawati Muhamad Hanafi. (2023). Pembinaan modul amali</p><p>kursus penyelenggaraan dan perkhidmatan bangunan bagi program sarjana</p><p>muda Pendidikan Vokasional (Binaan Bangunan) FPTV. Research and</p><p>Innovation in Technical and Vocational Education and Training, 3(1), 057-064.</p><p>Nurul Hasna Hassan, Zaharah Hussin, Saedah Siraj, Ahmad Arifin Sapar, & Zawawi</p><p>Ismail. (2019). Kemahiran berfikir kritis dalam buku teks Bahasa Melayu</p><p>Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Rendah Tahap II, Jurnal kurikulum & Pengajaran</p><p>Asia Pasifik, 7(1), 18-29.</p><p>Nyman, M., & Sumpter, L. (2019). The issue of proudliness: Primary students</p><p>motivation towards mathematics. International Journal on Math, Science and</p><p>Technology Education. 7(2), 80-96. University of Helsinki.</p><p>Obiero, J. (2018). The relationship between achievement motivation and mathematic</p><p>performance amongst female learners and in selected urban girls secondary</p><p>schools in Kenya. Global Journal of Social Sciences Studies, 4(1), 23-29.</p><p>Othman Talib. (2013). Asas penulisan tesis penyelidikan & statistik. Universiti Putra</p><p>Malaysia.</p><p>Othman Lebar. (2015). Penyelidikan kualitatif: Pengenalan kepada teori dan metode.</p><p>Cetakan Keenam. Penerbit Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.</p><p>Otoo, D., Iddrisu, W. A., Kessie, J. A., & Larbi, E. (2018). Structural model of</p><p>students interest and self-motivation to learning mathematics. Hindawi</p><p>Education Research International, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9417109.</p><p>Ozdem-Yilmaz, Y., & Bilican, K. (2020). Discovery learning - Jerome Bruner. In B.</p><p>Akpan & T. J. Kennedy (Eds.), Science Education in Theory and Practice.</p><p>Springer Texts in Education. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-</p><p>43620-9_13.</p><p>Pace, A. C., Ham, A. L., Poole, T. M., & Wahaib, K. L. (2016). Validation of the</p><p>MUSIC Model of Academic Motivation Inventory for use with student</p><p>pharmacists. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, 8(5), 589-597.</p><p>Pajuzi Awang. (2018). Pembangunan dan penilaian m-kandungan (m-KBAT App)</p><p>bagi penerapan aspek pentaksiran kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi dalam sains</p><p>untuk guru pra perkhidmatan. [Tesis yang tidak diterbitkan]. Universiti</p><p>Kebangsaan Malaysia.</p><p>Pallant, J. (2016). SPSS survival manual. A step by step guide to data analysis using</p><p>IBM SPSS (6th ed.). Allen & Unwin.</p><p>Papert, S. (1980). Mindstorms: Children, computers, and powerful ideas. Basic</p><p>Books.</p><p>Permata, L. D., Kusmayadi, T. A., & Fitriana, L. (2018). Mathematical problem</p><p>solving skills analysis about word problems of linear program using IDEAL</p><p>problem solver. J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 1108, 1-6.</p><p>Peter, O. I., Abiodun, A. P., & Jonathan, O. O. (2010). Effect of constructivism</p><p>instructional approach on teaching practical skills to mechanical related trade</p><p>students in Western Nigeria Technical Colleges. International NGO Journals,</p><p>5(3), 59-64.</p><p>Phonapichat, P., Wongwanich, S., & Sujiva, S. (2014). An analysis of elementary</p><p>school students difficulties in mathematical problem solving. Procedia-Social</p><p>and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 3169-3174.</p><p>Piaget, J. (1970). Science of education and the psychology of the child. Viking.</p><p>Piaget, J. (1977). Epistemology and psychology of functions. D Reidel Publishing</p><p>Company.</p><p>Poch, A. L., van Garderen, D., & Scheuermann, A. (2015). Students' understanding of</p><p>diagrams for solving word problems: A framework for assessing diagram</p><p>proficiency. TEACHING Exceptional Children, 47(3), 153-162</p><p>Polit, D. E., & Beck, C. T. (2006). Essentials of nursing research (6th ed.). Lippincott</p><p>Williams & Wilkins.</p><p>Polit D. F., Beck C. T., & Owen S. V. (2007). Is the CVI an acceptable indicator of</p><p>content validity? Appraisal and recommendations. Res Nurs Health, 30(4), 459-</p><p>67. https://doi: 10.1002/nur.20199. PMID: 17654487.</p><p>Polit, D. F., & Hungler, B. P. (2013). Essentials of nursing research: Methods</p><p>appraisal and utilization (8th ed.). Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams and</p><p>Wilkins.</p><p>Polya, G. (1945). How to solve It. A new aspect of mathematical method. Princeton</p><p>University.</p><p>Polya, G. (1957). How to Solve It. A new aspect of mathematical method. (2nd ed.).</p><p>Princeton University Press.</p><p>Polya, G. (1981). Mathematics discovery: An understanding, learning, and teaching</p><p>problem solving (combined ed.). John Willey & Son.</p><p>Popat, S., & Starkey, L. (2019). Learning to code or coding to learn? A systematic</p><p>review. Computers & Education, 128, 365-376.</p><p>Prast, E. J., Van de Weijer-Bergsma, E., Mioevi, M., Kroesbergen, E. H., & Van</p><p>Luit, J. E. H. (2018). Relations between mathematics achievement and</p><p>motivation in students of diverse achievement levels, Contemporary</p><p>Educational Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2018.08.002.</p><p>Pratama, A. R., Saputro, D. R. S., & Riyadi (2018). Problem solving of student with</p><p>visual impairment related to mathematical literacy problem. J. Phys.: Conf.</p><p>Ser., 1008, 1-10.</p><p>Primi, C., Bacherini, A., Beccari, C., & Donati, M. A. (2020). Assessing math</p><p>attitude through the Attitude Toward Mathematics Inventory Short form in</p><p>introductory statistics course students. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 64.</p><p>Pritchard, A. (2009). Ways of learning learning theories and learning styles in the</p><p>classroom (2nd ed.). Routledge.</p><p>Puplampu, N. (2018). Effects of instructional strategies based on the music model of</p><p>academic motivation on undergraduate mathematics students' subject learning.</p><p>[Tesis PhD]. Florida State University. https://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/</p><p>islandora/object/fsu%3A661169/.</p><p>Pusat Perkembangan Kurikulum [PPK]. (2001). Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah</p><p>Rendah: Huraian sukatan pelajaran Matematik Tahun 4. Kementerian</p><p>Pendidikan Malaysia.</p><p>Pusat Perkembangan Kurikulum [PPK]. (2012). Kurikulum Standard Sekolah</p><p>Menengah (KSSM). Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia.</p><p>Ragin, C. C. (2007). Qualitative comparative analysis using fuzzy sets (fsQCA). In</p><p>configurational comparative analysis. Sage Publications.</p><p>Ragu Ramasamy, & Marzita Puteh. (2018). Bar model method for higher order</p><p>thinking skills questions in mathematics for Dual Language Program pupils.</p><p>International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,</p><p>8(9), 14561462.</p><p>Rahil Mahyuddin, & Habibah Elias. (2006). Psikologi pendidikan untuk perguruan.</p><p>Karisma Publications.</p><p>Rahma Fitri. (2014). Penerapan strategi the firing line pada pembelajaran</p><p>matematika siswa Kelas Xi Ips SMA Negeri 1 Batipuh. Jurnal Pendidikan</p><p>Matematika, 3(1).</p><p>Rajendran Nagappan (2019). Teaching and acquiring higher order thinking</p><p>skills: Theory and practise. Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.</p><p>Rannikme, M., Holbrook, J., & Soobard, R. (2020). Social Constructivism - Jerome</p><p>Bruner. In B. Akpan & T. J. Kennedy (Eds.), Science Education in Theory and</p><p>Practice. Springer Texts in Education. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-</p><p>030-43620-9_18.</p><p>Ratna Wilis Dahar (2011), Theories belajar dan pembelajaran (Cet. V). Erlangga.</p><p>Reimer, D., Sortkear, B., Oskarsson, M., Nilsen, T., Rasmusson, M., & Nissinen, K.</p><p>(2018). Northern lights on TIMSS and PISA 2018. Nordic Council of Ministers.</p><p>Remijan, K. W. (2017). Project-based learning and design-focused projects to</p><p>motivate secondary mathematics students. Interdisciplinary Journal of</p><p>Problem-Based Learning, 11(1).</p><p>Revelle, W., & Condon, D. M. (2017). Reliability. In The Wiley Handbook of</p><p>Psychometric Testing: A Multidisciplinary Reference on Survey, Scale and Test</p><p>Development, 2(2), 709-749.</p><p>Richey, R. C., & Klein, J. (2007). Design and Development Research methods,</p><p>strategies, and issues. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.</p><p>Richey, R. C., Klein, J. D., & Tracey, M. W. (2011). The instructional design</p><p>knowledge base: Theory, research and practise. Taylor and Francis.</p><p>Riconscente, M. M. (2014). Effects of perceived teacher practices on Latino high</p><p>school student interest, self-efficacy, and achievement in mathematics. The</p><p>Journal of Experimental Education, 50-74.</p><p>Ridwan Sani Abdullah. (2019). Pembelajaran berbasis HOTS. Tira Smart.</p><p>Rittle-Johnson, B., & Star, J. R. (2011). The power of comparison in learning and</p><p>instruction: Learning outcomes supported by different types of comparisons. In</p><p>J. P. Mestre & B. H. Ross (Eds.), Psychology Of Learning And Motivation:</p><p>Cognition In Education, 55, 199222. Elsevier. https://doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-</p><p>387691-1.00007-7.</p><p>Rittle-Johnson, B., Star, J., & Durkin, K. (2012). Developing procedural flexibility:</p><p>Are novices prepared to learn from comparing procedures? British Journal of</p><p>Educational Psychology, 82, 436455. https://doi:10.1111/j.2044-8279.2011.</p><p>02037.x.</p><p>Rittle-Johnson, B. (2017). Developing mathematics knowledge. Child Development</p><p>Perspectives, 11(3), 184190. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12229.</p><p>Riyanto Yatim (2009). Paradigma pembelajaran (Cet. I). Prenada Media Group.</p><p>Rodrigues, I. B., Adachi, J. D., Beattie, K. A., & MacDermid, J. C. (2017).</p><p>Development and validation of a new tool to measure the facilitators, barriers</p><p>and preferences to exercise in people with osteoporosis. BMC Musculoskelet</p><p>Disord, 18, 540. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-017-1914-5.</p><p>Roslina Radzali, Subhan Mohd Meerah, & Effandi Zakaria (2010). Hubungan antara</p><p>kepercayaan matematik, metakognisi dan perwakilan masalah dengan kejayaan</p><p>penyelesaian masalah matematik. Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia, 35(2), 1-7.</p><p>Rosnee Ahad, Mohamad Zaid Mustafa, Salina Supiyan, & Abdul Rasid Abdul</p><p>Razzaq. (2018). Keberkesanan penggunaan petak sifir dalam penguasaan</p><p>fakta asas darab dalam matematik Tahun 2. Online Journal for TVET</p><p>Practitioners. https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/oj-tp/article/view/</p><p>4813.</p><p>Roubicek, F. (2006). Variety of representational environments in early geometry.</p><p>Proceedings of the 30th Conference of International group for the Psychology</p><p>of Mathematics Education, Czech Republic, 1, 321.</p><p>Rubinstein, M. F. (1986). Tools for thinking and problem solving. Prentice Hall.</p><p>Rudi Santoso Yohanes. (2010). Teori Vygotsky dan implikasinya terhadap</p><p>pembelajaran matematika. Widya Warta, 2, 127-135.</p><p>Runisah, Tatang Herman & Jarnawi Afgani Dahlan. (2017). Using the 5E learning</p><p>cycle with metacognitive technique to enhance students mathematical critical</p><p>thinking skills. International Journal on Emerging Mathematics Education,</p><p>1(1), 87-98.</p><p>Ruslina Othman, Norain Mohd Tajudin, & Mazlini. (2021). Needs analysis for</p><p>developing a thinking-based learning module in mathematics learning.</p><p>Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, 12(4), 1165-1172.</p><p>Russell, J. L., Correnti, R., Stein, M. K., Thomas, A., Bill, V., & Speranzo, L. (2020).</p><p>Mathematics coaching for conceptual understanding: promising evidence</p><p>regarding the Tennessee Math Coaching Model. Educational Evaluation and</p><p>Policy Analysis, 42(3), 439466. https://doi.org/10.3102/0162373720940699.</p><p>Saedah Siraj, Norlidah Alias, Dorothy DeWitt, & Zaharah Hussin (2013). Design and</p><p>Developmental Research. Emergent trends in educational research. Pearson.</p><p>Saedah Siraj, Muhammad Ridhuan Tony Lim, & Rozaini Muhamad Rozkee. (2020).</p><p>Pendekatan Penyelidikan Rekabentuk dan Pembangunan: Aplikasi kepada</p><p>penyelidikan pendidikan. UPSI Press.</p><p>Sahendra, A., Budiarto, M. T., & Fuad, Y. (2018). students representation in</p><p>mathematical word problem solving: Exploring students self-efficacy. IOP</p><p>Conf. Series: Journal of Physics, 947.</p><p>Samuelsson, J. (2010). The impact of teaching approaches on pupils mathematical</p><p>proficiency in Sweden. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics</p><p>Education, 5(2), 61-78.</p><p>Sanitah Mohd Yusof, & Norsiwati Ibrahim (2012). Kesediaan guru matematik Tahun</p><p>Satu dalam pelaksanaan Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Rendah (KSSR) di daerah</p><p>Kluang. Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 6, 26-38.</p><p>Sanjaya Wina. (2009). Strategi pembelajaran: Berorientasi standar proses</p><p>pendidikan. Kencana.</p><p>Saperstein, A. M., & Medalia, A. (2015). The role of motivation in cognitive</p><p>remediation for people with schizophrenia. In: Simpson E., Balsam P. (eds.).</p><p>Behavioral Neuroscience of Motivation. Current Topics in Behavioral</p><p>Neurosciences, 27. Springer.</p><p>Sarer, Y. (2016). Factors affecting academic achievement of students in Turkey: A</p><p>meta-analysis study. Hacettepe University Faculty of Education Journal, 31(3),</p><p>609-627.</p><p>Sarmah, A., & Puri, P. (2014). Attitude towards mathematics of the students studying</p><p>in Diploma Engineering Institute (Polytechnic) of Sikkim. Journal of Research</p><p>& Method in Education, 4(6).</p><p>Schoenfeld, A. H. (1985). Mathematical problem solving. Academic Press.</p><p>Schoenfeld, A. H. (1998). Towards a theory of teaching-in-context. Issues In</p><p>Education, 4(1), 1-94.</p><p>Schmidt, H. G., van der Molen, H. T., te Winkel, W. W. R., & Wijnen, W. H. F. W.</p><p>(2009). Constructivist, problem-based learning does work: A meta-analysis of</p><p>curricular comparisons involving a single medical school. Educational</p><p>Psychologist, 44(4), 227249. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520903213592.</p><p>Schram, A. B. (2015). Validating an Icelandic version of the MUSICSM Model of</p><p>Academic Motivation Inventory. [Doctoral Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic</p><p>Institute and State University]. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/</p><p>10919/64155.</p><p>Schukajlow, S., Rakoczy, K., & Pekrun, R. (2017). Emotions and motivation in</p><p>mathematics education: Theoretical considerations and empirical contributions.</p><p>International Journal on Mathematics Education, 49(1).</p><p>Schukajlow, S., Rakoczy, K., & Pekrun, R. (2023). Emotions and motivation in</p><p>mathematics education: Where we are today and where we need to go. ZDM</p><p>Mathematics Education, 55, 249267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-022-</p><p>01463-2.</p><p>Schunk, D. H. (2012). Learning theories, an educational perspective (6th ed.).</p><p>Pearson Education Inc.</p><p>Seah, W. T., & Bishop, A. (2001) Teaching more than numeracy: The socialisation</p><p>experience of a migrant teacher. In I. Bobis, B. Perry & M. Mitchelmore</p><p>(Eds.), Numeracy and beyond: Proceedingsof the Twenty-Fourth Annual</p><p>Conference of the Mathematics Education Research Group of Australasia, 2,</p><p>442450. Turramurra, Australia: Mathematics Education Research Group of</p><p>Australasia.</p><p>Seah, W. T. (2018). Improving mathematics pedagogy through student/teacher</p><p>valuing: Lessons from five continents. In G. Kaiser, H. Forgasz, M. Graven,</p><p>A. Kuzniak, E. Simmt, & B. Xu (Eds.), Invited Lectures from the 13th</p><p>International Congress on Mathematical Education (pp. 561580).</p><p>Switzerland, Springer.</p><p>Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill-building</p><p>approach (7th ed.). Wiley & Sons.</p><p>Shamsa Aziz, Munazza Mahmood, & Zahra Rehman. (2018). Implementation of</p><p>CIPP Model for quality evaluation at school level: A case study. Journal of</p><p>Education and Educational Development, 5(1), 189-206.</p><p>Shamila Dewi Davadas, & Yoon F. L. (2018). Factors affecting students attitude</p><p>toward mathematics: A Structural Equation Modeling approach. EURASIA</p><p>Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 14(1), 517-529.</p><p>Shara Nor Raifana, Noor Shah Saad, & Mohd Uzi Dollah (2016). Analisis jenis</p><p>kesilapan melalui kaedah Newman Error dalam penyelesaian masalah berayat</p><p>matematik dalam kalangan murid Tahun 5. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains &</p><p>Matematik Malaysia, 6(2), 109-119.</p><p>Sharifah Nor Puteh, & Fareed Mohamed Nawastheen. (2013). An evaluation on the</p><p>implementation of 5E Instructional Model in teaching geography in Sri Lanka.</p><p>Middle- East Journal of Scientific Research, 16(5), 721-728.</p><p>Sharifah Nurarfah Syed Abd Rahman, Abdul Halim Abdullah, & Nor Hasniza</p><p>Ibrahim (2023). Pembangunan strategi pembelajaran kontekstual berbantukan</p><p>GeoGebra untuk meningkatkan kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi (KBAT) murid</p><p>sekolah menengah. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 8(2).</p><p>https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v8i2.2115.</p><p>Sharifah Osman, Che Nurul Azieana Che Yang, Mohd Salleh Abu, Norulhuda Ismail,</p><p>Hanifah Jambari, & Jeya, A. K. (2018). Enhancing students mathematical</p><p>problem-solving skills through bar model visualisation technique. International</p><p>Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 13(3), 273279.</p><p>Shu, H. L., & Yun, C. H. (2016). Development and application of a chinese version of</p><p>the Short Attitudes Toward Mathematics Inventory. International Journal of</p><p>Science and Mathematics Education, 14, 193216.</p><p>Sidek Mohd Noah, & Jamaluddin Ahmad. (2008). Pembangunan modul: Bagaimana</p><p>membina modul latihan dan modul akademik (Vol. 2). Penerbit Universiti Putra</p><p>Malaysia.</p><p>Sidek Mohd Noah, & Jamaluddin Ahmad. (2005). Pembinaan modul: Bagaimana</p><p>membina modul latihan dan modul akademik. Penerbit Universiti Putra</p><p>Malaysia.</p><p>Siew, Y. H., & Lowrie, T. (2014). The model method: Students' performance and its</p><p>effectiveness. Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 35, 87-100.</p><p>Simsek, A. (2014). Interview with John M. Keller on motivational design of</p><p>intruction, 5(1). 90-95.</p><p>Singh, M. N. (2021). Inroad of digital technology in education: Age of digital</p><p>classroom. Higher Education for the Future, 8(1), 20-30.</p><p>Sirajuddin, Nurdin Arsyad & Marufi. (2019). Pengaruh sikap pada pelajaran</p><p>matematika terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa. PEDAGOGI: Jurnal</p><p>Pendidikan Matematika, 4(1), 13-19.</p><p>Siregar, N. R., Wimbarti, S., & Ilham, M. (2019). Individual differences in attitudes</p><p>toward mathematics. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1-8.</p><p>Siti Rahayah Ariffin. (2008). Inovasi dalam pengukuran dan penilaian pendidikan.</p><p>Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.</p><p>Siti Suhaina Mohamed Daud, & Rafeizah Mohd Zulkifli. (2023). Penilaian</p><p>pembangunan Modul Celik Programming untuk pelajar Kolej Vokasional</p><p>melalui aspek kesahan. Sains Humanika, 15(1), 57-65.</p><p>Siti Yahya, & Ruslin Amir. (2018). Kebimbangan matematik dan pencapaian</p><p>Matematik Tambahan. Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS), 3(2), 124-133.</p><p>Skovsmose, O. (2018). Critical constructivism: Interpreting mathematics education</p><p>for social justice. For The Learning of Mathematics, 38(1), 38-42.</p><p>Sivadasan, C. (2003). Penghasilan dan penilaian modul pengajaran kendiri</p><p>nilai semangat bermasyarakat untuk Pendidikan Moral Tingkatan Empat.</p><p>[Tesis Sarjana Yang Tidak Diterbitkan]. Universiti Malaya.</p><p>Slavin, R. E. (2000). Educational psychology: Theory and practice (6th ed.).</p><p>Allyn and Bacon.</p><p>Smaldino, S. E. (2006). Instructional technology and media for learning. Upper</p><p>Saddle River.</p><p>Smaldino, S., Lowther, D., & Russell, J. (2012). Instructional technology and media</p><p>for learning. Pearson.</p><p>Smith, S. P. (2003). Representation in school mathematics: Childrens representations</p><p>of problems. In J. Kilpatrick, W. G. Martin & D. Schifter (Eds.), A research</p><p>companion to principles and standards for school mathematics (pp. 263274).</p><p>National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.</p><p>Squire, K. (2011). Video games and learning: Teaching and participatory culture in</p><p>the digital age. New York Teachers College Press.</p><p>Star, J. R., & Newton, K. J. (2009). The nature and development of experts strategy</p><p>flexibility for solving equations. ZDM-The International Journal on</p><p>Mathematics Education, 41, 557567. https://doi:10.1007/s11858-009-0185-5.</p><p>Stefaniak, J., & Xu, M. (2020). An examination of the systemic reach of instructional</p><p>design models: a systematic review. TechTrends, 64, 710719. https://doi.org/</p><p>10.1007/s11528-020-00539-8.</p><p>Stonewater, J. (2005). Inquiry teaching and learning: The best math class study.</p><p>School Science and Mathematics, 105(1), 36-47. https://doi.org/10.1111 /j.1949-</p><p>8594.2005.tb18034.x.</p><p>Streiner D. L., Norman G. R., & Cairney J. (2014). Health measurement scales. A</p><p>practical guide to their development and use (4th ed.). Oxford University Press.</p><p>Stufflebeam, D. L. (1971). The relevance of the CIPP Evaluation Model for</p><p>educational accountability. Journal of Research and Development in Education,</p><p>5, 19-25.</p><p>Stufflebeam, D. L., & Shinkfield, A. J. (1985). Systematic evaluation: A self-</p><p>instructional guide to theory and practice. Kluwer-Nijhoff Publishing.</p><p>Stufflebeam, D. L. (2003). The CIPP Model for Evaluation. Annual Conference on</p><p>the Oregon Program Evaluators Network (OPEN).</p><p>Stufflebeam, D. L., & Shinkfield, A. J. (2007). Evaluation theory, models and</p><p>applications. Jossey-Bass.</p><p>Stylinou, D. A. (2002). On the interaction of visualation and analysis the</p><p>negotiaition of a visual represantation in problem solving. The Journal of</p><p>Mathematical Behaviour, 21(3), 303-17.</p><p>Subahan Mohd Meerah, & Syed Ismail Syed Mustapa. (2017). Pedagogi abad ke-21.</p><p>Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd.</p><p>Subia, E. G. S., Salangsang, L. G., & Medrano, H. B. (2018). Attitude and</p><p>performance in Mathematics I of Bachelor of Elementary Education Students: A</p><p>correlational analysis. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering,</p><p>Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS), 39(1), 206-213.</p><p>Sumarsono (2019). Teacher Guides to make online kahoot! with Combro (Cet. I).</p><p>Deepublish.</p><p>Sumule, U., Amin, S. M., & Fuad, Y. (2018). Error analysis of Indonesian junior high</p><p>school student in solving space and shape content PISA problem using</p><p>Newman procedure. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 947, 1-7.</p><p>doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/947/1/012053.</p><p>Syaubari Othman, Amir Khan Shah Ahmad, & Yunus Kassim. (2017). Konsep</p><p>Malakah Ibnu Khaldun dalam konteks pengajaran yang menerapkan kemahiran</p><p>berfikir aras tinggi (KBAT). Al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary</p><p>Issues, 2(2), 12-26.</p><p>Syaza Hazirah Mohd Hashim, Sulaiman Hashim, & Tunku Badariah Tunku Ahmad</p><p>(2019). Using educational game apps in improving students mathematics</p><p>learning: An exploratory study on Third Grader At-Risk Classroom at primary</p><p>school in Selangor, Malaysia. International Journal of Education and Research,</p><p>7(5), 253-264.</p><p>Syed Abdul hakim Syed Zainuddin, & Mohini Mohamed. (2010). Keupayaan dan</p><p>sikap dalam menyelesaikan masalah Matematik bukan rutin. Jurnal Teknologi</p><p>(Sains Sosial), 53, 47-62.</p><p>Syyeda, F. (2016). Understanding Attitudes Towards Mathematics (ATM) using a</p><p>Multimodal modal model: An exploratory case study with secondary school</p><p>children in England. Cambridge Open-Review Educational Research e-Journal,</p><p>3, 32-62. http://corerj.soc.srcf.net/?page_id=224.</p><p>Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2019). Using multivariate statistics (7th ed.).</p><p>Pearson.</p><p>Taber, K. S. (2020). Mediated learning leading developmentThe Social</p><p>Development Theory of Lev Vygotsky. In B. Akpan & T. J. Kennedy (Eds.),</p><p>Science Education in Theory and Practice. Springer Texts in Education.</p><p>Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43620-9_19.</p><p>Taber, K. S. (2011) Constructivism as Educational Theory: Contingency in learning,</p><p>and optimally guided instruction. Nova Science Publishers Inc., 39-61.</p><p>Tang, C. W., & Wu, C. T. (2010). Obtaining a picture of undergraduate education</p><p>quality: A voice from inside the university. Springer, Higher Education, 60,</p><p>269-286.</p><p>Tanner, T. (2010). Shifting the narrative: childled responses to climate change and</p><p>disasters in El Salvador and the Philippines. Children & Society, 24(4), 339-</p><p>351.</p><p>Tapia, M. (1996). The Attitudes Toward Mathematics instrument. Annual Meeting of</p><p>the Mid-South Educational Research Association. Tuscaloosa, AL.</p><p>Tapia, M., & Marsh, G. E. (2004). An instrument to measure mathematics attitudes.</p><p>Academic Exchange Quarterly, 8(2), 16-22.</p><p>Thirunavukkarasu, & Senthilnathan, S. (2014). Effectiveness of bar model in</p><p>enhancing the learning of mathematics at primary level. International Journal of</p><p>Teacher Educational Research, 3(1). 15-22.</p><p>Thomas, A., & Thorne, G. (2009). How to increase higher order thinking. Center for</p><p>Development and Learning.</p><p>Tomei, L.A. (2005). Taxonomy for the education domain. Information Science</p><p>Publishing.</p><p>Tong, D. H., & Loc, N. P. (2017). Studentserrors in solving mathematical word</p><p>problems and their ability in identifying errors in wrong solutions. European</p><p>Journal of Education Studies, 3(6), 226-241.</p><p>Tshabalala, T., & Ncube, A. C. (2016). Causes of poor performance of ordinary level</p><p>pupils in mathematics in rural secondary schools in Nkayi district: Learners</p><p>attributions. Nova Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences, 1(1).</p><p>http://nova-jmbs.com/index.php/jmbs/article/view/13.</p><p>Tuan Siti Humaira Tuan Hashim, & Mohamad Amir Shah Ahmad (2016). Analisis</p><p>kesalahan Newman dalam penyelesaian masalah matematik Tahun 3. Jurnal</p><p>Pendidikan Sains & Matematik Malaysia, 6(2), 69-84.</p><p>Tuckman, B. W., & Harper, B. E. (2012). Conducting educational research (6th ed.).</p><p>Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.</p><p>Tuckman, B. W., & Waheed, M.A. (1981). Evaluating an individualized Science</p><p>Programme for Community College student. Journal of Research in Science</p><p>Teaching, 18, 489-495.</p><p>Tunku Badariah Tunku Ahmad. (2014). Between school factors and teacher factors:</p><p>What inhibits Malaysian science teachers from using ICT? The Malaysian</p><p>Online Journal of Educational Technology, 2(1), 1-10.</p><p>Ulya, H. (2016). Profil kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa bermotivasi belajar</p><p>tinggi berdasarkan IDEAL problem solving. Jurnal Konseling GUSJIGANG, 2</p><p>(1), 90-96.</p><p>Usmonov, M. (2021). Mathematical proofs. Imcomplete induction, deduction,</p><p>analogy. The concept of Algorithm and its properties. International Journal of</p><p>Academic Multidisciplinary Research (IJAMR), 5(1), 26-29.</p><p>Vergnaud, G. (1987). Conclusions. In C. Janvier (Ed.), Problems of representation in</p><p>the teaching and learning of mathematics (pp. 227-232). Lawrence Erlbaum</p><p>Associates.</p><p>Verschaffel, L., Luwel, K., Torbeyns, J., & Van Dooren, W. (2009). Conceptualizing,</p><p>investigating, and enhancing adaptive expertise in elementary mathematics</p><p>education. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 24, 335359.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03174765.</p><p>Vilarinho-Pereira, D. R., Koehler, A. A., & de Souza Fleith, D. (2021). Understanding</p><p>the use of social media to foster student creativity: A systematic literature</p><p>review. Theories Research - Applications, 8(1), 124147. https://doi.org/</p><p>10.2478/ctra-2021-0009.</p><p>Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological</p><p>processes. Harvard University Press.</p><p>Wan Naliza Wan Jaafar, & Siti Mistima Maat. (2020). Hubungan antara motivasi</p><p>dengan pencapaian matematik dalam kalangan murid sekolah luar bandar.</p><p>Jurnal Pendidikan Sains & Matematik Malaysia, 10(1), 39-48.</p><p>Wan Nor Shairah Sharuji, & Norazah Mohd Nordin. (2017). Kesediaan guru dalam</p><p>pelaksanaan kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi (KBAT). Simposium Pendidikan</p><p>DiPeribadikan: Perspektif Risalah An-Nur, 1, 140146.</p><p>Wan Nurul Huda Wan Ab Kadir, Nurul Syafiqah Yap Abdullah, & Izan Roshawaty</p><p>Mustapha. (2021). The effectiveness of Form Four Stem-Based Physics</p><p>Interactive Laboratory (I-Lab) by employing Isman Instructional Design Model.</p><p>Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology (TOJET), 20(2), 140-145.</p><p>Wang, J., & Antonenko, P. D. (2017). Instructor presence in instructional video:</p><p>Effects on visual attention, recall, and perceived learning. Computers in human</p><p>behavior, 71, 79-89.</p><p>Wang, M. J. (2008). Cybergogy for engaged learning. Journal Of Open And Distance</p><p>Education In China, 14(2), 14-22.</p><p>Wang, M., & Kang, M. (2006). Cybergogy for Engaged Learning: A framework for</p><p>creating learner engagement through information and communication</p><p>technology. In D. Hung & M. S. Khine (Eds.), Engaged Learning with</p><p>Emerging Technologies. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3669-8_11.</p><p>Widodo Winarso, & Dede Dewi Yuliyanti. (2017). Pengembangan bahan ajar</p><p>matematika berbentuk leaflet berbasis kemampuan kognitif siswa berdasarkan</p><p>Teori Bruner. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Matematika, 6(1), 11-24.</p><p>Wilkie, K. J., & Sullivan, P. (2018). Exploring intrinsic and extrinsic motivational</p><p>aspects of middle school students aspirations for their mathematics learning.</p><p>Educational Studies in Mathematics, 97, 235254.</p><p>Wina Sanjaya (2010). Strategi pembelajaran berorientasi standar proses pendidikan</p><p>(Cet. VII). Prenada Media Group.</p><p>Wong, W. T., & Mohd Effendi @ Ewan Mohd Matore. (2020). Kemahiran</p><p>penyelesaian masalah berayat matematik melalui model bar: sorotan literatur</p><p>bersistematik. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities(MJSSH),</p><p>5(12), 144159.</p><p>Wong, J. K. (2010). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pembelajaran matematik</p><p>Tambahan dalam kalangan pelajar Tingkatan empat. [Tesis Doktor</p><p>Falsafah Yang Tidak Diterbitkan]. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.</p><p>Wray, L. (2012). The motivational effects of using mobile devices in mathematics</p><p>classrooms by students with exceptionalities. University of Ontario Institute of</p><p>Technology.</p><p>Wynd C. A., Schmidt, B., & Schaefer, M. A. (2003). Two quantitative approaches for</p><p>estimating content validity. West J Nurs Res. 25(5), 508-18. https://doi:</p><p>10.1177/0193945903252998. PMID: 12955968.</p><p>Yang, X. (2013). Senior secondary students perceptions of mathematics classroom</p><p>learning environments in China and their attitudes towards mathematics. The</p><p>Mathematics Educator, 15(1), 66-80. http://math.nie.edu.sg/ame/matheduc/tme/</p><p>tmeV15_1/4.pdf.</p><p>Yap, J. L., & Siti Rahaimah Ali. (2018). Keberkesanan pendekatan model bar dalam</p><p>penyelesaian masalah berayat matematik operasi tolak Tahun Empat. Jurnal</p><p>Pendidikan Sains & Matematik Malaysia, 8(2), 35-44.</p><p>Yee, M. H., Jailani Md Yunos, Widad Othman, Razali Hassan, Tee, T.K., & Mimi</p><p>Mohaffyza Mohamad. (2012). The needs analysis of learning higher order</p><p>thinking skills for generating idea. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences,</p><p>59, 197-203.</p><p>Zadeh, L.A. (1965). Fuzzy sets. Information and Control, 8(3), 338-353.</p><p>Zafirah Mohd Adnan, & Jamilah Hamid. (2020). Kesan Model Polya dalam</p><p>pembelajaran algoritma dalam kalangan pelajar: Satu kajian kes. Journal of</p><p>Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(3), 88-92.</p><p>Zamanzadeh, V., Ghahramanian, A., Rassouli, M., Abbaszadeh, A., Alavi-Majd, H.,</p><p>& Nikanfar, A. R. (2015). Design and Implementation Content Validity Study:</p><p>Development of an instrument for measuring Patient-Centered Communication.</p><p>J Caring Sci, 4(2), 165-78. https://doi:10.15171/jcs.2015.017.</p><p>Zana Babakr, Pakstan Mohamedamin, & Karwan Kakamad. (2019). Piagets</p><p>Cognitive Developmental Theory: Critical review. Education Quarterly</p><p>Reviews, 2(3), 517-524. https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1993.02.03.84.</p><p>Zulianis Alias, Mohd Fairuz Jafar, & Marini Kasim. (2023). Pengaruh sikap sebagai</p><p>pengantara hubungan di antara aspek efikasi kendiri dengan kemahiran</p><p>penyelesaian masalah matematik. International Journal Of Education,</p><p>Psychology And Counselling (IJEPC), 8(49), 239-258. https://doi</p><p>10.35631/IJEPC.849017.</p><p>Zarina Eshak, & Azizah Zain. (2020). Kaedah Fuzzy Delphi: Reka bentuk</p><p>pembangunan modul seksualiti pekasa berasaskan latihan mempertahankan diri</p><p>untuk prasekolah. Jurnal Pendidikan Awal Kanak-kanak Kebangsaan, 9(2), 12-</p><p>22.</p><p></p><p></p><p></p> |
| spellingShingle | QA Mathematics Azrul Azwan Mohd Abdul Aziz Pembangunan dan keberkesanan kerangka Penyelesaian Masalah KBAT Matematik dengan Model Bar terhadap pencapaian, motivasi dan sikap murid Tahun Lima |
| thesis_level | PhD |
| title | Pembangunan dan keberkesanan kerangka Penyelesaian Masalah KBAT Matematik dengan Model Bar terhadap pencapaian, motivasi dan sikap murid Tahun Lima |
| title_full | Pembangunan dan keberkesanan kerangka Penyelesaian Masalah KBAT Matematik dengan Model Bar terhadap pencapaian, motivasi dan sikap murid Tahun Lima |
| title_fullStr | Pembangunan dan keberkesanan kerangka Penyelesaian Masalah KBAT Matematik dengan Model Bar terhadap pencapaian, motivasi dan sikap murid Tahun Lima |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pembangunan dan keberkesanan kerangka Penyelesaian Masalah KBAT Matematik dengan Model Bar terhadap pencapaian, motivasi dan sikap murid Tahun Lima |
| title_short | Pembangunan dan keberkesanan kerangka Penyelesaian Masalah KBAT Matematik dengan Model Bar terhadap pencapaian, motivasi dan sikap murid Tahun Lima |
| title_sort | pembangunan dan keberkesanan kerangka penyelesaian masalah kbat matematik dengan model bar terhadap pencapaian motivasi dan sikap murid tahun lima |
| topic | QA Mathematics |
| url | https://ir.upsi.edu.my/detailsg.php?det=13457 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT azrulazwanmohdabdulaziz pembangunandankeberkesanankerangkapenyelesaianmasalahkbatmatematikdenganmodelbarterhadappencapaianmotivasidansikapmuridtahunlima |
