Determination Of Selected Organochlorine Pesticides In Farmers' Biological Samples Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry And Their Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Towards Pesticides Use

• Main Author: Mohd Noor, Juliana
• Format: Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: 2011
• Subjects: RS1-441 Pharmacy and materia medica
• Online Access: http://eprints.usm.my/32384/

Kajian ini dilakukan di kawasan pertanian di Pinang Tunggal, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang. Tujuan utama kajian ini ialah untuk menentukan paras racun makhluk perosak organoklorin terpilih dalam sampel-sampel biologi petani terutama rambut dan urin dengan menggunakan Kromatografi Gas - Spektrometri Jisim. Seiring dengan itu, ia turut dilakukan bagi menilai pengetahuan, tanggapan dan amalan petani terhadap penggunaan racun makhluk perosak. Organoklorin terpilih dalam kajian ini ialah HCHs (a-, b-, y- dan 8-hch), DDTs (p ,p'-ddt, p ,p'-ddd dan p,p'-dde), aldrin, dieldrin, endosulfan sulfate, heptaklor, heptaklor epoksid dan metoksiklor. Sampel rambut dipilih kerana diketahui ia sebagai penunjuk pendedahan jangka masa panjang yang baik terhadap pendedahan bahan kimia manakala urin biasanya digunakan untuk menentukan pendedahan jangka masa pendek. Pembangunan dan pengesahan kaedah telah disahkan dan beberapa parameter telah dianalisis. Parameter yang diperhatikan adalah masa dan kelajuan untuk penyebatian, kelajuan dan masa untuk pengemparan, suhu untuk penghancuran rambut dan pelarut untuk pengekstrakan. R2 berada dalam julat yang diterima, pekali-pekali variasi adalah kurang daripada 20% dan pemerolehan semula berada dalam lingkungan 70 - 120%. 33 % sampel rambut (n=60) dan 21% .contoh urin (n=60) daripada responden telah dikesan mengandungi kepekatan tertentu beberapa racun perosak terpilih itu. This study was conducted in agricultural areas in Pinang Tunggal, Kepala Batas, Penang. The main objective of the study was to determine the level of selected organochlorine pesticides in farmers' biological samples particularly in hair and urine samples by using Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Concomitantly, it was also carried out to assess the farmers' knowledge, attitude and practice towards pesticide use. Organochlorine pesticides selected in this study were HCHs (a-, b-, y- and 8-hch), DDTs (p,p'-ddt, p,p'-ddd and p,p'-dde), aldrin, dieldrin, endosulfan sulfate, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide and methoxychlor. Hair sample was chosen as it is known to be a good long term indicator for chemical exposure while urine is normally used to determine short term exposure. Method development and validation using GCMS were established and several parameters were analyzed. Parameters observed were speed and time for agitation, speed and time for centrifugation, temperature for hair digestion and type of solvent for extraction. R2 was in accepted range, coefficients of variation were less than 20% and recoveries were in the range of 70% to 120%. A total 33 % of the hair ·samples (n=60) and 21% of the urine samples (n=60) from the respondents were detected to contain certain concentrations of the pesticides.