Prevalence and risk factors for dyslipidemia and hypertension in diabetes mellitus among the paediatric population in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kelantan, Malaysia

• Main Author: Shawaludin, Mohamad Qazreen Ahmad
• Format: Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: 2023
• Subjects: R Medicine; RA440-440.87 Study and teaching. Research; RC31-1245 Internal medicine
• Online Access: http://eprints.usm.my/62339/

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for dyslipidaemia and hypertension in diabetes mellitus among the pediatric population in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kelantan, Malaysia Method: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kelantan, Malaysia. A total of 132 patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus for at least six months, aged below 18 years old, were recruited for this study. Demographic data (age, race, parent’s monthly income, family history of cardiovascular disease, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure), diabetes profile (type and duration diabetes, age of diagnosis, SMBG monitoring, and type of treatment) and laboratory values (HbA1c, lipid profile) were obtained from patient’s medical records. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between risk variables with dyslipidemia and hypertension in diabetes mellitus children. Result: A total of 132 patients were studied, 53.8% female, with a median age of 16.0 (13.0 – 17.0) years and an age of diagnosis of 10.0 (8.0 -12.0) years. We found that the prevalence of dyslipidemia and hypertension was 62.1% and 19.7%, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed systolic blood pressure (mmHg) (adjusted OR, 95% CI) 1.07 (1.02, 1.12), diabetes duration (years) 1.76 (1.37, 2.25), and HbA1c value 1.35 (1.06, 1.72) were the significant prognostic factors for dyslipidaemia. Meanwhile, weight (kg) 1.16 (1.07,1.25), duration of diabetes (years) 1.49 (1.14, 1.96), HbA1c (%) 1.56 (1.12, 2.15) and LDL value (mmol/L) 2.98 are significant factors for hypertension. Conclusion: The prevalence rates of dyslipidaemia and hypertension in pediatric diabetes mellitus referred to our center were 62.1% and 19.7%, respectively. The most significant prognostic factors for dyslipidaemia and hypertension were the duration of diabetes and glycaemic control (HbA1c).