| Summary: | Three types of explants used in this experiment were spindle, . Apical meristem and subapical
meristem. From the culturing process, the production of calli were identified as
compact callus, soft callus and mucilagenous callus. The first two calli are embryogenic.
From the comparison done, the spindle explant was capable in producing the
embryogenic calli when cultured on the ms medium with the presence of 2,4-d (2,4-
dichloro phenoxy acetic acid) and activated carbon. Explants on the ms medium + 3.0
mg/l 2,4-d and 2.5 gil activated carbon produced the largest quantity of calli. Somatic
embryogenesis process was achieved through the culturing of embryogenic callus on the
ms medium + 0.25 mg/i kinetin + 2.5 g/l activated carbon for the purpose of multiple
shoots formation. Ms medium + 5.0 mg/l naa (ce-naphtalene acetic acid) and 2.5 gil
activated carbon were used in roots induction. However, the additional of 7% of sucrose
in this medium increased the quality of roots produced. The somatic embryogenesis
process produced the complete somatic embryo which consists of scutellum, coleoptile,
shoot meristem, col eorhiza and root meristem from the embryogenic callus. A complete
plantlet was produced within 3 months of culturing. The presence of somaclonal
variation were observed amongst plantlets which include these characteristic; colour
and shape of the leaves, as well as the height of the plantlets.
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