New D16 algorithm for surface water flow direction
Also available in printed version
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| 其他作者: | |
| 格式: | Bachelor thesis |
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Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
2025
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| 在線閱讀: | https://utmik.utm.my/handle/123456789/102578 |
| Abstract | Abstract here |
| _version_ | 1854934138367246336 |
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| author | Wan Muhd. Hairi Wan Ab. Karim |
| author2 | Mohamad Ghazali Hashim, supervisor |
| author_facet | Mohamad Ghazali Hashim, supervisor Wan Muhd. Hairi Wan Ab. Karim |
| author_sort | Wan Muhd. Hairi Wan Ab. Karim |
| description | Also available in printed version |
| format | Bachelor thesis |
| id | utm-123456789-102578 |
| institution | Universiti Teknologi Malaysia |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Universiti Teknologi Malaysia |
| record_format | dspace |
| record_pdf | Abstract |
| spelling | utm-123456789-1025782025-08-21T07:45:02Z New D16 algorithm for surface water flow direction Wan Muhd. Hairi Wan Ab. Karim Mohamad Ghazali Hashim, supervisor Geoinformation and real estate Also available in printed version The water vapour content in the atmosphere is important to earth weather and climate. Presently, there are various instruments implemented to measure water vapour content such as radiosonde, water vapour radiometer and weather satellite. Each instrument has its own limitation in term of the accuracy, frequency, coverage area and cost. The introduction of Global Positioning System (GPS) for meteorology has provides an alternative to improve the weakness of the current instruments in the atmospheric water vapour measurement. In GPS meteorology, the Zenith Path Delay (ZPD) parameter conveys the information of water vapour content. Meanwhile, the weighted atmospheric mean water vapour or TM parameter is crucial to define the accuracy of GPS-derived integrated water vapour (IWV). This study presents the estimation of ZPD parameter from GPS data processing and the derivation of TM parameter for Peninsular Malaysia from radiosonde local basis data. The estimation of ZPD parameter has found that, the ZPD parameter value is high during northeast monsoon season due to the high volume of rainfall. Besides that, this study has also derived the TM parameter for site-specific location in Peninsular Malaysia. This TM parameter was applied in the conversion of ZPD parameter into GPS-derived IWV. For the assessment, the radiosonde-derived IWV has been utilised as a benchmarking of GPS-derived IWV along with TM parameter. This assessment has found that, the newly derived TM parameter from Peninsular Malaysia has low residual in mean and root mean square (RMS) which is about ~ 1.0 kg/m2 and ~ 3.0 kg/m2, respectively. Meanwhile, the mean and RMS from the available TM parameters (i.e., Bevis, Schueler, Liou and Suresh Raju) has large residual about ~ 2.8 kg/m2 to ~ 4.1 kg/m2 and ~ 4 kg/m2 to ~ 5 kg/m2, respectively. This indicated the newly derived TM parameter from Peninsular Malaysia has significantly improved the GPS-derived IWV estimation in Peninsular Malaysia. Along this study, the GPS station at ISKANDARnet 1 (ISK 1) has been established with the surface meteorological sensor. This facility has provides the opportunity to study the impact of interpolation technique from surface meteorological data on GPS-derived IWV. The surface meteorological data was interpolated from Balai Cerap (Test 1) and Helipad (Test 2) to the ISK 1. It was found that, about 23% and 13% of the interpolated temperature exceed the range of ± 1°C for the Test 1 and Test 2, respectively. Meanwhile, the interpolated pressure show the values are within ± 0.4 mbar for the Test 1 and only 5% pressure values exceed ± 0.4 mbar for the Test 2. These results show that the interpolated being used should satisfy the accuracy of GPS-derived IWV up to 1kg/m2 fahmimoksen UTM 102 p. Project Paper (Sarjana Muda Sains (Geoinformatik)) - Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 2012 2025-04-10T06:22:34Z 2025-04-10T06:22:34Z 2012 Bachelor thesis https://utmik.utm.my/handle/123456789/102578 valet-20160915-08535 vital:91093 Closed Access UTM Complete Unpublished application/pdf Universiti Teknologi Malaysia |
| spellingShingle | Geoinformation and real estate Wan Muhd. Hairi Wan Ab. Karim New D16 algorithm for surface water flow direction |
| thesis_level |
Other
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| title | New D16 algorithm for surface water flow direction |
| title_full | New D16 algorithm for surface water flow direction |
| title_fullStr | New D16 algorithm for surface water flow direction |
| title_full_unstemmed | New D16 algorithm for surface water flow direction |
| title_short | New D16 algorithm for surface water flow direction |
| title_sort | new d16 algorithm for surface water flow direction |
| topic | Geoinformation and real estate |
| url | https://utmik.utm.my/handle/123456789/102578 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT wanmuhdhairiwanabkarim newd16algorithmforsurfacewaterflowdirection |