| Summary: | Flood is one of the most common and devastating natural disasters worldwide, affecting millions of damages every year. Understanding flood risk is crucial for effective disaster preparedness and mitigation. It involves assessing both the probability of floods occurring and the potential consequences, such as damage to property, loss of life and disruption of essential services. A key issue in flood mitigation in Malaysia is the lack of localised flood damage data, particularly for rural areas. Despite the increasing emphasis on flood risk assessment, the gap in understanding flood damage especially the Flood Damage Curve (FDC) for rural areas limits the ability to estimate financial damage accurately for recovery and reconstruction efforts. This study highlights this gap by establishing a flood damage assessment framework based on a localised FDC for rural area at Tok Jiring, Terengganu. The challenge lies in developing a reliable FDC, considering varying flood depths, property values, and limited damage data, to enhance flood risk management strategies in rural Malaysia. The study simulates the 2012 flood event and the average recurrence interval (ARI), focusing on flood depth and property values to develop the FDC and to estimate the expected average damage (EAD). The research uses Infoworks RS and ArcGIS software for flood modelling and mapping. Data from a survey of 429 respondents on residential and commercial property damage was used to create the FDC. The flood damage map was generated for various flood hazard scenarios, using corrected General Circulation Model (GCM) rainfall data. The bias corrected GCM rainfall data showed an improve similarity from 62% to 98%. The flood depth map for the 2012 event was validated using 18 flood marks, achieving 82% accuracy. The FDC was analysed for two categories: residential and commercial properties. The residential category was further divided into low, medium, and highpriced houses. The FDC showed R2 values of 0.851 for residential and 0.941 for commercial properties. The 2012 flood caused an estimated RM3 million in residential damage and RM500,000 in commercial damage. The EAD for residential and commercial properties was RM4.3 million (308 units) and RM536,000 (121 units), respectively. The study has successfully developed a framework for site-specific flood depth damage curves and a flood damage map for rural regions in Malaysia, marking a significant first step in adopting a flood risk-based strategy for disaster mitigation in rural area. For future improvements, it is recommended to incorporate additional hydrological factors like flood duration and flow velocity, as well as consider the impacts on agricultural and industrial sectors for a more comprehensive assessment.
|
|---|
