Multi-parametric optimization of aerodynamic performance and pedestrian crash in sedan front-end profiles

Enhancing vehicle front-end (VFE) design is critical to improving aerodynamic efficiency and pedestrian safety. However, most existing designs focus primarily on reducing the drag coefficient (Cd) to meet aerodynamic standards, often overlooking the Head Injury Criterion (HIC), which is essential in...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Nor Azman, Afzatul Najwa
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/129260/1/129260.pdf
Abstract Abstract here